物理场处理对葵花油脂肪酸组成影响的研究

主要讨论了超声场和微波场处理对葵花油脂肪酸的影响,并用气-质联用色谱分别检测了未经处理的和经物理场处理的葵花油的脂肪酸组成和相对含量.结果表明,超声波和微波处理对葵花油的脂肪酸组成和相对含量有一定影响,但影响不显著.     

弱酸性、中性染料对氨纶的染色及其在氨纶上的吸附等温线

通过测试中性染料和不同结构的弱酸性染料在氨纶上的上染率，分析染料结构与上染率的关系，并且研究了1：2金属络合染料在氨纶上的吸附规律，并运用Langmuir和Nernst二元吸附模型对吸附等温线进行了分析。     

Ultraviolet shielding property of crylic acid resin filled with nano-SiO2

The present status and development trends of nano-composite coatings were briefly introduced. The nano-SiO₂ was dispersed into crylic acid resin by ultrasonic wave and high-energy ball milling, the influence of nano-SiO₂ on shielding property of coatings was investigated. Relation between particle size distribution of original nano-SiO₂ and its dispersal in water and alcohol after treatment were analyzed, respectively. The ultraviolet permeation rate of coatings filled with nano-SiO₂ was detected by ultraviolet spectral photometer. And the particle size distribution of coatings was examined by TEM. The results show that particle size distribution is comparative convergence and smaller one order of magnitude after dispersal treatment. The size of most nano-SiO₂ in coatings is smaller than 100 nm, which indicates that the amount of nano-SiO₂ in the resin is 20% (solid content of resin), the permeation rate of ultraviolet of composite coatings decreases to 20%. The research of its excellent ultraviolet shielding property mechanism indicates minor size and high surface energy of nano-SiO₂ can produce different absorption, reflection and scatter actions to different wavelengths. Foundation item: Project(2001ZB05) supported by Maintenance and Innovation in 2001     

柠檬酸助微波水热法制备纳米ZnS及其光催化性能研究

以锌粉和硫化钠为原料,利用柠檬酸助微波水热法制备得到了纳米ZnS光催化剂。XRD、TEM、PSD、FTIR分析结果表明,获得的产品属于高纯的立方形(闪锌矿)晶相,微粒粒径小,粒径分布窄。与水热法相比,反应时间明显缩短。CBW水溶液的光催化降解活性测试结果证实,与直接水热法获得的ZnS光催化剂相比较,微波水热法制得的产品表现出更高的催化活性。     

云南褐煤非燃料应用——褐煤成型半焦制备研究

云南省拥有丰富的褐煤资源,用作燃料使用会造成很大浪费,并严重污染环境。阐述了以褐煤资源为原料制备铁合金用褐煤成型半焦的工艺,研究了粘结剂腐植酸钠的制备方法及半焦成型工艺,得出当腐植酸钠配入质量分数为8%~10%时,褐煤型焦具有理想的性质,可满足铁合金厂的使用要求。     

膜电解硫酸钠再生酸的实验研究

研究膜电解硫酸钠再生酸试验中硫酸钠浓度、氢氧化钠浓度和温度对电解的影响,讨论了电解硫酸钠的阴极、阳极材料选择等膜电解的技术问题。在c(Na2SO4)=1·5mol/L,c(NaOH)=1·5mol/L时,铅合金为阳极、镍为阴极,膜电解硫酸钠的电流密度可以达500A/m2。     

Speciation of the Fe(II)–Fe(III)–H2SO4–H2O system at 25 and 50 °C

This work presents theoretical and experimental results on the speciation of the Fe(II)–Fe(III)–H₂SO₄–H₂O system in concentrated solutions (up to 2.2 m H₂SO₄ and 1.3 m Fe). The aim was to study the chemical equilibria of iron at 25 and 50 °C in synthetic aqueous sulphuric acid solutions that contain dissolved ferric and ferrous ion species. Raman spectroscopy, volumetric titration and conductivity measurements have been carried out in order to study the presence of specific ions and to characterize the ionic equilibrium. A thermochemical equilibrium model incorporating an extended Debye–Hückel relationship was used to calculate the activities of ionic species in solution. Model calculations were compared with experimental results. Model simulations indicate that anions, cations and neutral complexes coexisted in the studied system, where the dominant species were HSO₄⁻, H⁺, Fe²⁺ and FeH(SO₄)₂⁰. This indicated that these solutions showed a high buffer capacity due to the existence of bisulphate ions (HSO₄⁻), which presented the highest concentration. A decrease in the concentration of H⁺ and Fe³⁺ took place with increasing temperature due to the formation of complex species. Standard equilibrium constants for the formation of FeH(SO₄)₂⁰ were obtained in this work: log K_f⁰ = 8.1 ± 0.3 at 25 °C and 10.0 ± 0.3 at 50 °C.     

Using selective precipitant for uranyl ions — Fundamental studies for evaluating the precipitant performance

We have developed a simple reprocessing process for spent FBR fuels using N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone (NCP) which has selective precipitation ability for UO₂²⁺ ions. It was confirmed that NCP has sufficient precipitation ability for UO₂²⁺ ions, decontamination capability (separation of UO₂²⁺ from simulated fission products), and resistance to γ-ray radiation in nitric acid solutions. These findings indicate that NCP is applicable to our reprocessing process. We have also evaluated performances of other precipitants such as N-n-propyl-2-pyrrolidone (NProP), N-n-butyl-2-pyrrolidone (NBP), and N-n-butyl-2-pyridone (NBPyr). It was found that higher decontamination factors (DFs) are obtained by using NProP and NBP. This can be interpreted that the hydrophobicity of NProP and NBP is lower than that of NCP. Furthermore, we have obtained an experimental result that the resistance of NBPyr to γ-ray radiation is superior to that of NCP.     

三氧化钨催化氧化环己烯合成己二酸

无需有机溶剂、酸性配体及相转移剂,以30%H2O2为氧源,单独使用三氧化钨作催化剂催化氧化环己烯合成己二酸即可达到较高的产率和纯度。当三氧化钨用量为5.0m m ol,W O3:环己烯:H2O2的摩尔比为1:40:176时,在回流温度下反应6h,己二酸分离产率为75.4%,己二酸纯度99.8%。三氧化钨催化剂重复使用4次,己二酸的分离产率仍可达到70%以上。结合FTIR和XRD分析证明了三氧化钨催化氧化环己烯反应过程中催化剂的结构稳定性和重复使用性。     

钨酸催化氧化环己酮合成己二酸

以钨酸-有机酸性添加剂为催化体系,在无有机溶剂和相转移剂的情况下,催化30%过氧化氢氧化环己酮合成己二酸。当钨酸∶有机酸性添加剂∶环己酮∶过氧化氢=11∶4∶01∶76(摩尔比,钨酸用量为2.5mmol)时,使用有机酸性添加剂来调节钨酸催化活性,结果表明以钨酸-磺酸水杨酸氧化环己酮效果最优,反应8h时己二酸分离产率达86.8%、纯度为99.9%;以间苯二酚或邻苯二酚为添加剂时,己二酸分离产率分别达到85.9%和84.5%,纯度约为100%;而不使用任何添加剂时,己二酸分离产率只有68.1%、纯度为95.2%。当使用磺酸水杨酸、草酸等为有机酸性添加剂时,随反应时间的延长,己二酸分离产率均升高。当磺酸水杨酸用量为2.5mmol时,己二酸分离产率和纯度均较高。钨酸-磺酸水杨酸和钨酸-草酸催化体系重复使用5次后,己二酸分离产率仍分别可达80.2%和80.9%。