SBR-混凝法处理制浆中段废水

对制浆中段废水采用SBR--混凝法处理进行了研究.实验结果表明,采用非限制曝气条件比限制曝气条件CODCr去除率高;混凝处理时,混凝剂PAC和助凝剂CPAM最佳投加质量浓度分别为400mg/L和15 mg/L,混凝时pH为7;对制浆中段废水采用SBR--混凝法处理结果表明,出水CODCr总去除率在82%以上,SS总去除率在94%以上,pH为7.3～7.5,色度为22～29倍,出水基本无色无臭,完全达到GB 3544-2001所规定的排放要求,并且能完全回用.     

不同贮藏温度下稻花鸡肉的品质及细菌组成多样性变化

本文研究了25℃常温、4℃冷藏、0℃冰温贮藏下稻花鸡肉p H值、水分含量、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)及感官评价;基于16S rRNA,研究货架期前后鸡肉细菌群落结构、演替规律及相对丰度。结果表明：结果表明：25℃常温12 h菌落总数和TVB-N均超过国家标准规定,水分含量和p H第12 h后变化趋势极大;4℃冷藏4 d菌落总数超过国家标准规定,TVB-N为13.64 mg/100 g,水分含量和p H第4天后均呈显著性差异;0℃冰温8 d菌落总数为8.90×10⁵ CFU/g,未超过国家标准规定,但TVB-N为15.25 mg/100 g,超过国标限值,水分含量和p H第8天后变化趋势极大。综合各品质指标,三种贮藏温度下货架期分别为12 h、4 d、8 d,感官评分均在可接受范围内。25℃贮藏末期以不动杆菌属、沙雷氏菌属、多源菌属、泛菌属、肠杆菌科未分类属细菌为主。4℃与0℃贮藏末期优势腐败菌均以假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、沙雷氏菌属、肠杆菌科未分类属为主,但丰度占比有较大差异。不同贮藏温度下稻花鸡...     

厌氧序批式反应器处理啤酒废水的快速启动研究

以中等浓度啤酒废水为水源,在低温下(14～20℃)研究了厌氧序批式反应器的快速启动过程。试验结果表明:当采用污水厂消化污泥接种,投加粉末活性炭并以间歇搅拌方式运行到第76天时,反应器容积负荷为6.5kg/(m3.d),出水挥发性脂肪酸浓度和CODCr去除效率分别为2.5mmol/L以下和96.1%,污泥停留时间达到了19.4d,同时完成污泥的颗粒化。和未添加活性炭相比污泥颗粒化时间缩短10d,表明厌氧序批式反应器低温下处理啤酒废水的快速启动是可行的。     

基于高通量测序分析毛菊苣醇提物对db/db小鼠肠道菌群的影响

该文探究毛菊苣醇提物对糖尿病小鼠（db/db小鼠）肠道菌群的影响。该研究以m/m小鼠为正常对照组（CON组）,db/db小鼠随机分为模型组（MOD组）、二甲双胍组（MET组）、毛菊苣醇提物低剂量组（CGL组）、毛菊苣醇提物高剂量组（CGH组）。灌胃给药8周,对小鼠体质量、空腹血糖、肝脏总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）进行分析,对小鼠粪便进行16S rRNA测序分析,探究毛菊苣醇提物对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。毛菊苣醇提物高剂量组可调节db/db小鼠体质量及血糖,显著降低db/db小鼠TC、TG水平（P<0.05）;测序结果显示CON组、MOD组、CGH组三组小鼠肠道菌群情况存在差异,毛菊苣醇提物给药可改善db/db 小鼠的肠道菌群失调,上调db/db小鼠肠道菌群中有益菌双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）、Romboutsia、普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）菌群相对丰度。研究证明了毛菊苣醇提物给药能调节db/db小鼠肠道菌群,通过提高有益菌相对丰度调节糖脂代谢,可为新疆地产毛菊苣药材资源的开发利用提供全新的研究思路。     

基于高通量测序技术分析不同原料海南酸瓜细菌多样性及食品安全风险

目的 探究海南传统酸瓜的细菌群落结构,为发酵酸瓜的品质提升和食品安全防控提供理论基础。方法 收集3种海南地区常见原料(小西瓜、哈密瓜、葫芦瓜)腌制的传统酸瓜,利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术解析其细菌多样性,并比较其差异,并对潜在的可利用微生物资源和引发食品安全风险的条件致病菌进行分析。结果 不同原料发酵的酸瓜具有不同的细菌群落,3种海南酸瓜中优势细菌主要有乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、片球菌属(Pediococcus),其中乳杆菌属相对丰度占90%以上;同时,由哈密瓜制作的酸瓜中检测到了条件致病菌大肠-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)和克罗诺属(Cronobacter),存在一定的食用安全风险。结论 海南酸瓜中蕴藏着丰富的乳酸菌菌群资源,为传统发酵食品产业资源发掘利用提供一定的理论基础和科学支撑,对影响食用安全的肠杆菌科等的防控也是发酵食品加工制作、储存销售过程中需要加强监管的一个重要方面。     

基于Illumina PE300高通量测序的海南糟粕醋微生物多样性分析

目的 研究海南糟粕醋中微生物的多样性,分析海南糟粕醋在自然条件下贮藏时的优势菌及风险菌。方法 采用Illumina PE300高通量测序技术对海南糟粕醋中细菌和真菌群落进行多样性分析,扩增糟粕醋中细菌的16S rDNA和真菌的ITS序列。结果 细菌多样性测序获得306,600条序列, 130,745,424碱基(base pair, bp),505操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTU),可归属为23门(phylum)、51纲(class)、115目(order)、191科(family)、312属(genus)、432种(species);真菌多样性测序获得612,015条序列, 132,784,567 bp, 27 OTU,可归属为3 phylum、7 class、12 order、18 family、24 genus、25 species。糟粕醋在自然条件下贮藏时,主要细菌属为:乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus)、棒杆菌属(Corynebacteriums)、乳酪短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、...     

Clinical and Genetic Re-Evaluation of Inherited Retinal Degeneration Pedigrees following Initial Negative Findings on Panel-Based Next Generation Sequencing

Although rare, inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are the most common reason for blind registration in the working age population. They are highly genetically heterogeneous (>300 known genetic loci), and confirmation of a molecular diagnosis is a prerequisite for many therapeutic clinical trials and approved treatments. First-tier genetic testing of IRDs with panel-based next-generation sequencing (pNGS) has a diagnostic yield of ≈70–80%, leaving the remaining more challenging cases to be resolved by second-tier testing methods. This study describes the phenotypic reassessment of patients with a negative result from first-tier pNGS and the rationale, outcomes, and cost of second-tier genetic testing approaches. Removing non-IRD cases from consideration and utilizing case-appropriate second-tier genetic testing techniques, we genetically resolved 56% of previously unresolved pedigrees, bringing the overall resolve rate to 92% (388/423). At present, pNGS remains the most cost-effective first-tier approach for the molecular assessment of diverse IRD populations Second-tier genetic testing should be guided by clinical (i.e., reassessment, multimodal imaging, electrophysiology), and genetic (i.e., single alleles in autosomal recessive disease) indications to achieve a genetic diagnosis in the most cost-effective manner.     

Primary Founder Mutations in the PRKDC Gene Increase Tumor Mutation Load in Colorectal Cancer

The clonal composition of a malignant tumor strongly depends on cellular dynamics influenced by the asynchronized loss of DNA repair mechanisms. Here, our aim was to identify founder mutations leading to subsequent boosts in mutation load. The overall mutation burden in 591 colorectal cancer tumors was analyzed, including the mutation status of DNA-repair genes. The number of mutations was first determined across all patients and the proportion of genes having mutation in each percentile was ranked. Early mutations in DNA repair genes preceding a mutational expansion were designated as founder mutations. Survival analysis for gene expression was performed using microarray data with available relapse-free survival. Of the 180 genes involved in DNA repair, the top five founder mutations were in PRKDC (n = 31), ATM (n = 26), POLE (n = 18), SRCAP (n = 18), and BRCA2 (n = 15). PRKDC expression was 6.4-fold higher in tumors compared to normal samples, and higher expression led to longer relapse-free survival in 1211 patients (HR = 0.72, p = 4.4 × 10⁻³). In an experimental setting, the mutational load resulting from UV radiation combined with inhibition of PRKDC was analyzed. Upon treatments, the mutational load exposed a significant two-fold increase. Our results suggest PRKDC as a new key gene driving tumor heterogeneity.     

基于16S rDNA测序研究白酒对大鼠肠道菌群的影响

为探究浓香型白酒对SD大鼠肠道微生态的影响,通过连续8周灌胃适当剂量乙醇,建立SD大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤模型,同时,灌胃相同剂量的白酒,考察白酒和乙醇对SD大鼠血脂、肝脏指标的影响及造成的肠道菌群变化。结果显示,连续8周灌胃乙醇造成SD大鼠一定程度的酒精性肝损伤,而白酒组的肝损伤程度显著低于乙醇组。多样性分析表明乙醇组SD大鼠肠道菌群丰富度和多样性降低,而白酒的摄入可以回调这种现象。菌群结构分析表明乙醇干预和白酒干预之间存在显著差异,其中白酒干预组物种组成与对照组更加接近。差异性分析筛选出白酒组和乙醇组的3个潜在差异微生物标志物,分别为g＿Eubacterium＿rumminantium＿group、g＿U29-B03和g＿unclassified＿f＿Oscillospiraceae。该研究结果表明白酒可能通过调节肠道微生态来减轻乙醇诱导的轻度肝损伤。     

富硒菌C5对小鼠肠道菌群结构的影响

研究了富硒菌C5和双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊、地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊的益生菌制剂对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。将小鼠分为益生菌制剂组A组（三联活菌组）和B组（地衣芽孢杆菌+三联活菌组）、实验组C组（富硒菌C5组）和空白组D组,饲养4周后取小鼠粪便,PCR扩增细菌16S rRNA基因的V3-V4区,用Ⅰllummina HiSeq 2500进行高通量测序,利用QIIME2软件生成不同分类水平上的物种丰度表,对样品Alpha多样性指数进行评估和Beta多样性分析。富硒菌C5和地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊、双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊一样能调节小鼠肠道菌群丰度和多样性,Alpha多样性的ACE、Chao1和Shannon均有所升高（P<0.05）;富硒菌C5能提高小鼠肠道菌群中Firmicutes（厚壁菌门）和Lactobacillus（乳杆菌属）的相对丰度;降低Staphylococcus（葡萄球菌属）;提高Lachnospiraceae（毛螺菌科）中的Agathobacter（无杆菌属）的相对丰度（P<0.05）。富硒菌C5能够改善机体的肠道微生态,在微生物制剂改善肠道菌群健康方面具有一定的应用价值。