Influence of Microstructural Evolution on the Hot Deformation Behavior of an Fe–Mn–Al Duplex Lightweight Steel

The hot deformation behavior of Fe–26 Mn–6.2 Al–0.05 C steel was studied by experimental hot compression tests in the temperature range of 800–1050 °C and strain rate range of 0.01–30 s21 on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation machine. The microstructural evolution during the corresponding thermal process was observed in situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses were carried out to observe the microstructural morphology before and after the hot deformation. Furthermore, interrupted compression tests were conducted to correlate the microstructural characteristics and softening mechanisms at different deformation stages.The results showed that hot compression tests of this steel were all carried out on a duplex matrix composed of austenite and d-ferrite. As the deformation temperature increased from 800 to 1050 °C, the volume fraction of austenite decreased from 70.9% to 44.0%, while that of d-ferrite increased from 29.1% to 56.0%. Due to the different stress exponents(n) and apparent activation energies(Q), the generated strain was mostly accommodated by d-ferrite at the commencement of deformation, and then both dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization occurred earlier in d-ferrite than in austenite.This interaction of strain partitioning and unsynchronized softening behavior caused an abnormal hot deformation behavior profile in the Fe–Mn–Al duplex steel, such as yield-like behavior, peculiar work-hardening behavior, and dynamic softening behavior, which are influenced by not only temperature and strain rate but also by microstructural evolution.     

热镀锌表面锌渣缺陷的形成分析及改进研究

结合马钢第四钢轧总厂1#和2#镀锌线投产四年来的生产实践,对热浸镀锌的锌渣缺陷形成机理进行了分析,重点探讨了锌渣缺陷的产生原因,提出在实际生产中从工艺和设备上采取措施进行控制,减少锌渣缺陷的产生,提高镀锌板表面质量。     

埋地输油管道的热力计算

在埋地热油管道中，当其输送工况变化后，管内油品及土壤中的热力平衡会遭到破坏，油温及土壤温度将重新分布。因而，研究这一非稳定热力过程就必须对非稳定温度场进行分析。通过运用数学分析法（保角变换、拉普拉斯变换等）对管道内介质和周围半无穷大土壤的不稳定传热问题进行了分析，得出土壤温度场的计算公式。同时研究了埋地热油管道的停输理论计算问题。     

An analysis of the ignition of premixed gases by a hot spherical surface with catalytic reforming reaction☆

A study of the unsteadiness problem of the ignition of static premixed gases that contain CH₄ and steam by a catalytic hot sphere and a non-catalytic hot sphere were conducted, and a comparison between calculated and experimental results was done in the paper. The catalytic reforming reaction of CH₄ with steam on the surface of the sphere produced a small amount of H₂, CO and CO₂, at the same time there occur oxidizing reactions of CH₄, H₂ and CO in the space. Both experimental and calculated results show that a small quantity of H₂ produced by catalytic reforming reaction can greatly reduce the ignition temperature. In traditional catalytic combustion precious metals is applied to catalyse oxidizing reaction between oxygen and fuel to reduce ignition temperature. In this paper, a study on a ‘indirect’ catalytic combustion is conducted. The cheap catalytic material of Ni with rare earth is used and reforming reaction between steam and fuel is catalyzed, so hydrogen is generated on the surface of hot sphere and utilized to improve combustion. Calculation indicates that the high reactivity and high diffusivity of H₂ remarkably affect ignition.     

The hot compaction behaviour of woven oriented polypropylene fibres and tapes. I. Mechanical properties

The aim of this work was to establish the important parameters that control the hot compaction behaviour of woven oriented polypropylene. Five commercial woven cloths, based on four different polypropylene polymers, were selected so that the perceived important variables could be studied. These include the mechanical properties of the original oriented tapes or fibres, the geometry of the oriented reinforcement (fibres or tapes), the mechanical properties of the base polymer (which are crucially dependant on the molecular weight and morphology), and the weave style. The five cloths were chosen so as to explore the boundaries of these various parameters, i.e. low and high molecular weight: circular or rectangular reinforcement (fibres or tapes): low or high tape initial orientation: coarse or fine weave.A vital aspect of this study was the realisation that hot compacted polypropylene could be envisaged as a composite, comprising an oriented ‘reinforcement’ bound together by a matrix phase, formed by melting and recrystallisation of the original oriented material. We have established the crucial importance of the properties of the melted and recrystallised matrix phase, especially the level of ductility, in controlling the properties of the hot compacted composite.     

Influence of Gd2O3 on the microstructure and properties of transparent MgAl2O4: Cr3+ ceramic

In this work, MgAl₂O₄: Cr³⁺ transparent ceramics have been synthesized by the hot press sintering techniques, and the effect of the sintering aid Gd₂O₃ and its content on the densification, microstructure, and optical, photoluminescence was studied and discussed. The relative density reached 99.29% with 0.8 wt% Gd₂O₃ as a sintering aid, and the optical transmittance at 686 nm and 1446 nm were approximately 76%. As Gd₂O₃ content continued to increase, the grain size of the ceramics became smaller and uniform, accompanied by some pores with the size of ～1 μm. The ceramics with 4.0 wt% Gd₂O₃ showed a higher transmittance, of 82% at 1446 nm. Additionally, Gd₂O₃ was helpful for Cr³⁺ in the sites of octahedral symmetry, which increased the quantum yield. The quantum yield of MgAl₂O₄: Cr³⁺ with 0.8 wt% Gd₂O₃ was about 0.175, which was 36% higher than that of ceramic without Gd₂O₃. In short, the sintering aid Gd₂O₃ not only contributed to improving the densification, homogenizing the grain size, and heightening the optical transmittance but also enhanced the quantum yield of Cr³⁺.     

Chemical conversion during transient liquid-phase hot pressing of TaSi2–TaC–SiC SHS-powder

This article presents a study on the manufacturing of three-phase TaSi₂–TaC–SiC ceramics through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and their subsequent chemical conversion to TaC–SiC carbide composites during transient liquid-phase hot pressing (HP). The effect of carbon black doping, ranging from 0% to 7%, on the degree of chemical conversion, structure, mechanical, and thermophysical properties of the ceramics was investigated. Our results showed that the proportionate increase of carbide content and decrease of TaSi₂ content in hot-pressed samples was achieved through carbon black doping. The increase of TaSi₂ content during hot pressing led to an increase in porosity from 4.3% to 23.8%, while the density decreased from 6.3 to 4.6 g/cm³. Superior mechanical properties were obtained when SHS-powder was doped with 1.5% carbon black (HV = 15.2 GPa, K_IC = 4.8 MPa × m^1/2, and σ_bend = 331 MPa). The structure of the ceramics was characterized by a TaSi₂–SiC matrix and highly dispersed TaC grains predominantly residing inside TaSi₂, with the TaC–TaSi₂ and TaSi₂–SiC interface being incoherent, as demonstrated through TEM studies. Complete conversion of TaSi₂ to TaC and SiC was achieved through 7% carbon black doping, resulting in the hot-pressed sample consisting solely of carbide grains. Two-stage hot pressing was employed to enhance the relative density of the two-phase TaC–SiC sample, resulting in ceramics characterized by HV up to 22.3 GPa, K_IC up to 6.1 MPa × m^1/2, σ_bend up to 256 MPa, and λ up to 36 W/(m × K).     

医用水胶体压敏胶吸水性研究

选取交联羧甲基纤维素钠(X-CMC)、果胶、明胶、淀粉进行实验,分别改变各种水胶体颗粒的比例测定初始吸水速率、吸水性、溶胀性、完整性,研究水胶体种类和在胶盘中所占比例对压敏胶吸水性能的影响。结果表明:加入明胶以后,可以使吸水性、完整性提高的同时,溶胀性明显降低,加入20-30%的明胶对性能有最佳的改善效果。     

Computer Vision System (CVS) for In-Line Monitoring of Visual Texture Kinetics During Shrimp (Penaeus Spp.) Drying

In this study, the effects of drying medium temperature and velocity were surveyed on the image texture features of shrimp (Penaeus spp.) batches in a dryer equipped with a perpendicular dual-view computer vision system (CVS). This was carried out by applying an innovative rotation- and scale-invariant image texture processing approach with the capability of eliminating the effects of sample shrinkage on the visual textural features. Moreover, the variations in image texture parameters were investigated with moisture ratio, color, and geometrical characteristics of the shrimp samples. Drying experiments were conducted at hot air drying (HAD) temperatures of 50–90°C and superheated steam drying (SSD) temperatures of 110–120°C with drying medium velocities of 1–2 m/s. Several configurations of a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) were also used to predict the moisture ratio and the geometrical characteristics of the shrimp batch using the image texture parameters. Generally, the image texture features were significantly affected by drying medium temperatures (p < 0.01), and the effects of drying medium velocities on the textural properties were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Additionally, the higher drying temperatures generated products with uniform and regular texture patterns. The SSD produced samples with somewhat nonuniform and irregular texture patterns compared with HAD at 90°C. Finally, selected MLP-ANN topologies successfully predicted the moisture ratio and the geometrical characteristics of the shrimp batch using the textural properties with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99.     

Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality Changes of Granular Edamame

In this article, the quality changes of the granular fruits and vegetables dried by vacuum microwave drying, freeze drying, hot air drying, and combined hot air–vacuum microwave drying are investigated, and the quality parameters compared on the basis of vitamin C and chlorophyll contents, shrinkage and rehydration capacity, color, texture, and microstructure changes. The quality parameters of products dried by vacuum microwave drying are slightly lower than those obtained by freeze drying, but much better than those obtained using conventional hot air drying. The quality characteristics of product dried by combined hot air–vacuum microwave are significantly improved compared to those simply hot air–dried.