Modeling of microstructure effects on the mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained nickels processed by hot isostatic pressing

Bulk ultrafine-grained nickel specimens having grain sizes in the range of 0.25-5 μm were consolidated by hot isostatic pressing technique. The resulting microstructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compression tests were carried out at room temperature and at strain rate of 1.6×10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. It was found that the measured yield strength does not follow the Hall-Petch law as a consequence of the presence of oxide phase. Therefore, the use of micromechanics based model, which takes into account only the Hall-Petch relationship at grain level for predicting the grain sized effects on mechanical behavior of this kind of materials, is not accurate yet. In this study, a modification made to the generalized self-consistent model was proposed for studying both grain size and oxide phase dependence of ultrafine-grained materials behavior. Because of the novel modification, an optimization procedure with two steps was required to identify the parameters of micromechanical model. An acceptable agreement between experimental and numerical results was achieved. Moreover, the influence of texture on the yield strength and the application of the proposed model to the spark plasma sintering processed materials were also discussed.     

Investigation of laser-produced aluminum plasma

At DMFCI of Catania University, where a Quanta System Nd:YAG laser 600 mJ of energy, 1064 nm wavelength and 6 ns pulse length operates, experiments about plasma expansion in vacuum (<10⁻⁵ mbar), have been performed. Our studies are mostly devoted to nuclear and astrophysical purposes. Some preliminary investigations with aluminum thick targets are reported here. Plasma dynamics have been investigated mainly by means of a movable Langmuir Probe, and time of flight spectra have been acquired at different distances from the laser-target interaction area. The cross-correlation of Langmuir probe signals and hydro-dynamical simulation has permitted to calculate the structure of the inner plasma self-generated electric field that drives the plume expansion. The experimental data reveals also a time variable behavior of the self-generated field. This dependence on time produces also a multi-shell plasma in which the different layers expand with a given velocity, temperature and density.     

Fractal Characteristics and Prediction of Ti-15-3 Alloy Recrystallized Microstructure

Grain shape of the hot deforming alloy is an important of material. The fractal theory was applied to analyze index to character the microstructure and performance the recrystallized microstructure of Ti-15-3 alloy after hot deformation and solution treatment. The fractal dimensions of recrystallized grains were calculated by slit island method. The influence of processing parameters on fractal dimension and grain size was studied, It has been shown that the shapes of recrystallized grain boundaries are self-similar, and the fractal dimension varies from 1 to 2. With increasing deformation degree and strain rate or decreasing deformation temperature, the fractal dimension of grain boundaries increased and the grain size decreased. So the fractal dimension could characterize the grain shape and size. A neural network model was trained to predict the fractal dimension of recrystallized microstructure and the result is in excellent agreement with the experimental data.     

Microstructure control during severe plastic deformation of Al-Cu-Li and the influence on strength and ductility

The microstructure and mechanical behaviour of an Al-Cu-Li alloy has been examined after processing over a wide range of conditions involving severe deformation at elevated temperatures with prior or subsequent heat treatments. Dislocation cellular or subgrain structures are obtained, with varying degrees of precipitation. High strength, as well as poor ductility, can be correlated with the presence of a high density of fine T₁ phase precipitates, with the dislocation substructure playing a smaller role. Careful control of processing conditions allows a suitable combination of good strength with ductility to be obtained.     

A modification on ECAP process by incorporating torsional deformation

In the present study, integration of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), as a well known severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique, and torsion deformation, is studied by using three dimensional finite element analysis. This process is to be named as torsional-equal channel angular pressing (T-ECAP). In this modification a part of the exit channel in the ECAP die is rotating around its axis, to impose extra shear strains to the samples. To study deformation behavior in the T-ECAP process, three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out by using the elasto-plastic finite element analysis ABAQUS/Explicit Simulation. To investigate the validity of the simulation results, experimental studies were furthermore performed on commercially pure aluminum (AA 1050). Vickers hardness test was used to determine the distribution of hardness on both normal and longitudinal sections of the deformed samples with respect to the exit channel of the die. The hardness test results showed more uniform distribution of hardness in both sections of the T-ECAP processed samples regarding the ones produced by ECAP process. The load requirement comparison for performing both processes showed lower value for the T-ECAP with respect to the ECAP process. The simulation results for the strain values showed higher magnitude and more uniform distribution for the T-ECAP with respect to the ECAP process.     

热轧带钢卷及型钢全自动捆扎机的创新设计

在考察了国内现有热轧带钢卷与型钢生产线的捆扎现状以及研究了国内外多种钢材打捆机的基础上,研制了一种全新的带钢卷、型钢全自动捆扎机。详细介绍了该捆扎机的整体结构;系统阐述了该捆扎机主要组成部分以及性能原理。该捆扎机结构巧妙,易于操作和维护,能适应各种恶劣的工作环境。     

退火热处理对等径角挤压回收Ti-6Al-4V合金微观结构和显微硬度的影响

采用等径角挤压法回收Ti-6Al-4V合金切屑,并研究了回收样品和退火处理样品的微观结构和显微硬度。结果表明:在回收样品中,切屑之间的边界依然存在,而由于剧烈塑性变形,超细晶结构和较强的纤维织构得以形成。退火处理后,切屑边界部分消失,超细晶组织部分再结晶;而与此同时,退火处理样品展现出更宽泛的织构,再结晶晶粒并不存在择优取向。值得注意的是,退火处理样品的显微硬度较回收样品略有升高。     

脉冲电流对Al-Cu-Mg合金凝固过程中热裂纹的影响

通过施加脉冲电流,采用自行设计的低频中压脉冲电源研究了脉冲电流对Al-Cu-Mg合金凝固过程中热裂纹的影响。结果表明,脉冲电流可以有效抑制热裂纹的产生与扩展,在脉冲频率0~400 Hz范围内,随着脉冲频率的增加,裂纹体积在下降,在400 Hz的时候,裂纹体积最小达到43.18 mm~3,但继续增加脉冲电流频率,裂纹体积在增加。     

热轧钢板头尾横裂纹成因分析及改进措施

针对热轧钢板头尾部出现横裂纹现象,取样进行了金相检验,发现裂纹根部无扩展,裂纹两侧组织存在差异,结合现场生产实际情况,确定头尾横裂纹的产生与中间坯局部过冷有关。通过采取提高板坯出炉温度、严格控制中间坯端部翘头和优化除鳞制度的措施,基本杜绝了热轧钢板头尾横裂纹现象。     

等通道角变形对搅拌铸造SiC_P/AZ91复合材料显微组织与室温性能的影响

采用搅拌铸造法成功制备了SiC_P/Mg(AZ91)复合材料并对铸态复合材料进行了等通道角挤压变形(Equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)。结果表明,搅拌铸造态SiC_P/AZ91复合材料的基体组织致密,颗粒与基体结合良好,没有出现宏观团聚;SiC_P大部分聚集在晶界附近区域并呈"项链状"分布。ECAP变形可以有效地消除铸态SiC_P/AZ91复合材料中的SiC_P"项链状"分布,并且随着ECAP道次的增加,SiC_P分布更加均匀;在ECAP过程中,SiC_P发生了一定断裂但并不明显。SiC_P/AZ91复合材料基体晶粒随着变形道次的提高而逐渐细化。基体晶粒细化以及SiC_P分布均匀化是SiC_P/AZ91复合材料屈服强度和抗拉强度随着道次提升而逐渐增加的主要原因。