氧气液相氧化一元取代甲苯制备芳香醛

研究了在酸碱不同体系下气氛液相氧化对氯甲苯、邻硝基甲苯制取相应芳香醛的反应 ,比较了反应温度、反应时间、氧气流量、底物浓度对各自反应的影响。初步研究了反应在酸碱不同条件下的反应机理 ,认为在醋酸体系下是自由基反应 ,而在有机胺体系下应是碳负离子反应。     

麻石烟气脱硫装置耐酸胶泥的研究

通过对用于麻石烟气脱硫装置的2^#和3^#耐酸胶泥的单因素对比试验的研究，得出2^#胶泥耐酸度较好，因而防腐蚀性能也较好。这不仅回收了固废，而且还具有可观的环境效益。     

铁在盐酸中的缓蚀剂的两种作用类型的研究

通过腐蚀电位、极化曲线与交流阻抗测量研究了3种伯胺和丙炔醇对铁在盐酸中的缓蚀作用类型。结果表明,3种伯胺的缓蚀作用是几何覆盖效应,而丙炔醇的缓蚀作用则来自负催化效应。还证明,在强阳极极化的Tafel 直线区间,十二烷胺吸附在电极表面的覆盖率θ不随电位改变,十四烷胺的θ随电位的升高而增大。丙炔醇使铁阳极溶解反应活化能位垒增高的量.fa(θ)随电位升高而减小,其数值为df_a(θ)/dE=-73J·mol_-1.mV-1。     

丙烯酸酯三元共聚物酸掺杂改性聚苯胺的研究

选择丙烯酸 (AA)、丙烯酸丁酯 (BA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)三元共聚物对聚苯胺 (PAn)进行改性 ,研究了BA的用量和引发剂浓度对PAn导电率的影响 ,对样品进行DSC、FTIR和SEM测试。结果表明 ,丙烯酸酯三元共聚物酸对PAn有良好的掺杂改性作用 ,当共聚单体 (AA -BA -MMA)组成为 10∶45∶45 (质量比 ) ,引发剂浓度为0 0 5 48mol·L-1时 ,可制得电导率达 1 42 1S·cm-1的导电PAn。     

聚苯胺盐的合成及导电性能研究

用对甲苯磺酸作为掺杂剂对聚苯胺(PANI)进行掺杂，合成了导电聚苯胺盐(ES)。研究了掺杂剂用量、模压压力、模压温度、氧化剂用量对聚苯胺盐电导率的影响。结果表明：随着掺杂剂用量的增加，PANI的电导率也在不断的增大；当ES所受压力较高时，电导率提高；高温使PANI电导率上升；氧化剂与苯胺的最佳配比为1：1。     

Propane oxydehydrogenation reaction on a VPO/TiO2 catalyst. Role of the nature of acid sites determined by dynamic in-situ IR studies

A VPO/TiO₂ catalyst tested in the oxydehydrogenation reaction (ODH) of propane between 300 and 400°C shows satisfactory performances (up to 80% of propene selectivity at 2% of propane conversion at 300°C or 56% of propene selectivity at 9% of propane conversion at 400°C). Addition of water or pyridine in the feed gas tends to decrease the propane conversion and enhances the propene selectivity. It is shown that water increases the number of Brönsted surface acid sites by dissociative adsorption which, in turn, enhances propene selectivity at the expense of the CO_x selectivity. These results are in good agreement with spectroscopic IR observations performed under catalytic conditions showing that the Lewis acid sites are linked to CO_xformation, whereas it seems that Brönsted sites would rather be linked to propene formation.     

氧化还原反应式配平中可能差错的几种情况

本文通过许多实例，指出了氧化还原反应式配平中可能出现的得失电子数不等或电荷数未配平、得失电子关系不对及反应式中酸碱性介质有错误等几种差错，并归纳了在酸碱性水溶液中平衡介质的方法。     

Characterization of nanoporous materials prepared from montmorillonite clay and its application to the decolorization of mare's milk oil

Nanoporous materials have been prepared by leaching the purified montmorillonite clay with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) solution with varying concentrations (0.5–2 M) at 80°C for 0.5–4 h. Acid leaching causes partial amorphisation of the clay with depletion of MgO, Al₂O₃, CaO and Fe₂O₃ components mostly from interlayer and octahedral sites. This increases the specific surface area by more than 3 times, i.e. from 49.1 to 157 m²/g. The pore-size distribution curves calculated from the adsorption isotherms of the leached montmorillonite show that most of the pores are in the mesoporous region with their diameter ranging 3–4 nm. This material turns out to be appropriate for bleaching of the mare's milk oil. The chemical and structural changes of the acid-leached montmorillonite are discussed in terms of the decolorization capacity.     

Ozone Contribution in Food Industry in Japan

Ozone has the strongest oxidization effect after fluorine, and this property has been used in sterilization for food and processing plants in Japan. Moreover, there is no fear of toxic residues as with chlorine-based sterilizers and no hazardous trihalomethanes are formed. Based on these advantages, ozone has been used in water and air treatment for food products food materials and food processing plants. Use in the food processing is now increasing in Japan. This paper describes ozone sterilization, introducing sterilization systems and equipment applied to food in Japan.     

The Effects Of Humic Substances On Pinus Callus Are Reversed By 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

The reversal of humic matter-induced inhibition of callus growth and metabolism by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied in Pinus laricio. Two forest humic fractions (relative molecular mass (M_r) > 3500), derived from soil under Fagus sylvatica (Fs) and Abies alba (Aa) plantation, were used. Pinus laricio callus was grown for a subculture period (4 weeks) on Basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium plus forest humic matters (Fs or Aa), at a concentration of 1 mg C/l, and then was transferred, for an additional four weeks, to a MS medium culture without humic matter, but with different hormones: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 2 mg/1) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 0.5 mg/1) and/or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0.25 mg/1). Growth of calluse, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents, and activities of soluble and bound invertases, glucokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, aldolase, and pyruvate kinase were monitored. The results show a negative effect of humic fractions on callus growth, due to decreased utilization of glucose and fructose, and decreased activities of glycolytic enzymes. The effects are reversible. Substitution of humic fractions with 2,4-D+BAP or 2,4-D is followed by an increase of glycolytic enzyme activities and, consequently, by the utilization of glucose and fructose that induces a restart of growth. In contrast, the inhibitory effects of humic fractions persist when they are substituted with BAP alone, indicating that only the auxin 2,4-D is capable of reversing the negative effects. A possible competitive action on the auxin-binding site between 2,4-D and the chemical structures in the forest humic fractions is suggested.