Metabolic profile and biological activities of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco: Studies on the essential oil and polar extracts

We investigated the metabolic profile and biological activities of the essential oil and polar extracts of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco collected in south Portugal. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that oxygen-containing monoterpenes was the principal group of compounds identified in the essential oil. Camphor (40.6%) and fenchone (38.0%) were found as the major constituents. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) analysis allowed the identification of hydroxycinnamic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic and rosmarinic acids) and flavones (luteolin and apigenin) in the polar extracts, with rosmarinic acid being the main compound in most of them. The bioactive compounds from L. pedunculata polar extracts were the most efficient free-radical scavengers, Fe²⁺ chelators and inhibitors of malondialdehyde production, while the essential oil was the most active against acetylcholinesterase. Our results reveal that the subspecies of L. pedunculata studied is a potential source of active metabolites with a positive effect on human health.     

加快禽蛋中高附加值天然产物高效提取与产品开发

本文通过对禽蛋制品深加工的研究和开发领域国内外技术现状和发展趋势的分析,提出以市场为导向,依靠科学技术,研究开发出禽蛋产品中高附加值天然产物,为第三代功能食品提供必要的原料、主剂、添加剂及功能因子,提高禽蛋价值,促进禽蛋生产的发展。该文系统介绍了禽蛋中高附加值天然产物高效提取与产品开发的主要研究内容和技术路线,并将超临界流体萃取、膜分离、色谱分离、超微细粉碎、酶处理等高新技术应用于禽蛋产品中的蛋黄卵磷脂、溶菌酶、高F值寡肽、蛋黄免疫球蛋白和蛋壳钙制剂等高附加值天然产物的提取制备与产品开发中,提高了其产品的科技含量和价值。通过市场需求分析认为该项目是切实可行的。     

基于电子鼻和GC-MS评价不同品种葡萄采后品质和挥发性物质的变化

为明确不同品种葡萄果实采后品质和挥发性物质的差异,本文通过顶空固相微萃取及气相-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定4个不同品种葡萄新鲜果实挥发性物质成分和相对含量,并以电子鼻辅助验证,对其品质特性进行分析与探讨。结果表明:4个品种葡萄成熟果实的品质指标品种间差异较大。无核寒香蜜品种果实的可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量较高,香悦维生素C含量高,硬度大。4个品种葡萄成熟果实中共检测到87种挥发性物质,主要成分为醇类、酯类和醛类。不同品种间主要挥发性物质存在差异。香悦、玫瑰香、金手指和无核寒香蜜葡萄品种果实中挥发性物质相对含量最高的物质分别为乙酸乙酯、沉香醇、青叶醛和乙酸乙酯,呈现出的风味分别为草莓香味、浓郁玫瑰香味、新鲜绿叶香味和草莓香味。利用电子鼻对不同品种葡萄果实挥发性物质进行主成分分析和线性判别分析,可以将4个品种葡萄完全区分开。因此,本试验明确了不同品种葡萄果实采后品质的差异,电子鼻结合GC-MS方法可以有效评价其挥发性物质差异。     

Comparison of humic acid rejection and flux decline during filtration with negatively charged and uncharged ultrafiltration membranes

Increasingly stringent regulations for drinking water quality have stimulated the ultrafiltration (UF) to become one of the best alternatives replacing conventional drinking water treatment technologies. However, UF is not very effectively to remove humic acid due to the comparatively larger pore size compared to the size of humic acid. Fouling issue is another factor that restricts its widespread application. In this study, rejection of humic acid and flux decline were compared with essentially neutral, negatively charged version of a regenerated cellulose membrane, in which electrostatic interaction was explored for a better humic acid removal and less fouling. Solution environment, including ionic strength, pH and calcium ion concentration, affecting humic acid removal and flux decline on negatively charged and neutral membranes was also compared. Results indicated that the appropriate charge modification on the neutral UF membrane could be an effective way for better removal of NOM and reduction of the membrane fouling due to the electrostatic interactions with the combination effect of membrane pore size. Electrostatic interactions are significant important to achieve high humic acid removal and less fouling, and to improve the water quality and protect people’s health.     

绵柔型芝麻香白酒工艺及风味物质的研究

芝麻香型白酒的酿造工艺将现代生物技术与传统工艺相结合,在吸收了浓香型、清香型、酱香型白酒酿造精髓的基础上独创了新的酒体风格特点,该香型白酒香气幽雅、酒体丰满、风格独特。近年来,随着消费趋势的转变,绵柔型酒体受到市场的普遍青睐。本文以乾隆江南绵柔芝麻香型白酒为研究对象,探索了绵柔型芝麻香独特的风味物质体系,分析了其形成的工艺基础,构建了绵柔型芝麻香白酒的酿造理论。     

漆酶及其应用

漆酶是一种含铜多酚氧化酶,具有催化氧化酚型底物的能力.漆酶在很多领域得到了广泛的应用.本文主要从纸浆的生物漂白、生物制浆、去除氯酚类化合物的毒性等几个方面进行了介绍.     

两种海洋节肢动物风味物质的分析与评价

目的:利用固相微萃取技术分析渤海产地三疣梭子蟹和口虾蛄肌肉中的风味化合物.方法:采用涂有聚二甲基硅氧烷-二乙烯苯(PDMS-DVB)涂层的固相微萃取头萃取挥发性化合物,并通过气相色谱质谱联用来分析鉴定两种海洋节肢动物肌肉中的风味成分.结果:固相微萃取技术有效提取了三疣梭子蟹和口虾蛄肌肉中的呈味物质,经过 NIST 质谱数据库和文献对照,分别确定了20种和15种主要呈味物质,大多是一些酸类、酯类、醛类、醇类等化合物.结论:两种海洋节肢动物所含有的风味物质因其含量及构成比例不同而形成了各自独有的风味和口感.     

凤兼浓酒在贮存过程中风味物质的变化

对凤兼浓酒在贮存期风味物质的变化情况进行了分析。①贮存老熟期间，随贮存期延长，总酸平均每年降低1．89％，总酯降低10．18％，固形物平均每年上升达50．2％。②贮存2～4年的凤兼浓酒，酸、酯、醇相对平衡稳定，酒体丰满，香味馥郁。(丹妮)     

Evaluation of in vivo antioxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in STZ-diabetic rats

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides treatment on blood glucose, serum insulin level, lipid peroxidation, nonenzymic and enzymic antioxidants in the plasma and liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was studied. Adult male rats of Wistar strain, weighing 195 to 250 g, were randomized into control and experimental groups. Experiment group rats were induced diabetes by administration of STZ (45 mg/kg b.wt.) intraperitoneally. The diabetic rats were treated with G. lucidum polysaccharides (60, 120, 180 mg/kg b.wt.) dissolved in 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) for 30 days. The normal control rats were treated with 15% DMSO for 30 days. Streptozotocin treatment elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes), and reduced nonenzymic antioxidants (vitamin C and reduced glutathione, vitamin E) levels, and enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities in the plasma and liver of untreated diabetic control rats. Decreased level of serum insulin and increased level of blood glucose (BG) were observed in the plasma of untreated diabetic control rats. G. lucidum polysaccharides treatment significantly and dose-dependently increased nonenzymic and enzymic antioxidants, serum insulin level and reduced lipid peroxidation, blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats. From the present study, it can be concluded that G. lucidum polysaccharides can be considered as a potent antioxidant.     

水中石油类物质测定的因素分析

监测水中石油类物质的目的是用来控制工业废水和生活污水的污染。对检测水中石油类物质的常用3种方法进行了对比研究,重点对应用面较宽、正在推广的红外分光光度法进行了研究,分析了影响该方法实验精度的主要因素,并提出了切实可行的改进措施,取得了良好的实验效果。