Fabrication and characterization of PFSI/ePTFE composite proton exchange membranes of polymer electrolyte fuel cells

PFSI/ePTFE composite proton exchange membranes were fabricated by impregnating perfluorosulfonic acid resin (PFSI resin, Nafion) into chemically modified expanded PTFE (ePTFE) matrix. Chemical modification of sodium-naphthalene treatment and N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) grafting decreased the contact angle of the as-received ePTFE from 125 ± 0.5° to 67 ± 0.5°, effectively converting the as-received hydrophobic ePTFE to a hydrophilic ePTFE matrix. The composite membrane fabricated with the hydrophilic ePTFE have higher impregnated PFSI loading, much lower porosity and better PTFE/PFSI interface contact, as compared to the composite membranes with the as-received ePTFE. This leads to much lower gas permeability and significantly improves the durability under an accelerated dry/wet cycle test. The fuel cell made from the PFSI/ePTFE composite membranes with hydrophilic ePTFE showed superior performance as compared to that with the composite membrane made from the as-received ePTFE and Nafion 211 membrane.     

Modification of zeolite surfaces by Grignard reagent

New microporous hybrid organic/inorganic materials were obtained by modification of zeolites using chlorination of their surface, followed by treatment with a Grignard reagent. Loading of butyl groups and retained crystallinity of ZSM-5 type zeolites was higher than for zeolites Y. In contrast to zeolites Y, the lattice parameters of zeolites ZSM-5 increased after surface modification. The obtained hybrid materials on the basis of high-silica zeolites possess a high degree of crystallinity at increased hydrophobicity.     

Toward a toolbox of functional block copolymers via free-radical addition of mercaptans

This work demonstrates the applicability of the free-radical addition of ω-functional mercaptans onto 1,2-polybutadienes as a modular synthetic pathway toward a toolbox of diverse functional block copolymers. Functional groups included, for instance electrolytes (carboxylic acid and amine), l-amino acid, and fluorocarbon. The number of functional groups attached to the polymer was lower than that of double bonds reacted (degree of functionalization=50–85%, typically 70–80%) due to cyclization of two neighboring units, but the narrow molecular-weight distribution of the parent (co)polymer was always maintained.     

机械力化学改性硅灰石/聚丙烯性能的研究

利用气流磨对硅灰石进行机械力化学改性，并用IR分析对改性效果进行了预评价；对比了用改性前后的硅灰石填充聚丙烯(PP)的性能。结果表明：改性后硅灰石分别为由亲水疏油性变为亲油疏水性；硬脂酸质量分数为1．5％时，改性硅灰石／PP复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度最好。     

改性AC发泡剂的现状与发展对策

分析AC发泡剂原粉在应用中的一些缺陷;叙述改性AC的种类、改性的途径及我国改性AC的现状研究进展;探讨我国改性AC在品种和应用研究方面与国外的差距;应大力开发改性AC.     

聚甲醛耐老化性能及其改进研究

以研制耐候性聚甲醛为目标，将自制高分子改性剂、其它改性剂与聚甲醛共混(POM)以提高POM的耐老化性。通过拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度和色差的测定，比较了未改性聚甲醛和改性聚甲醛的耐紫外光老化、热氧老化和热水老化性能，结果表明：自制改性剂与其它改性剂共混用于聚甲醛，能显著改善聚甲醛的稳定性及耐老化性。     

超支化聚合物用于材料制备和改性的研究

综述了近年来超支化聚合物在聚合物增韧、增塑、粉体填料的表面改性以及制备纳米粒子和纳米复合材料等方面的研究进展。     

Characteristics of coal sludge slurry prepared by a wet-grinding process

Coal sludge slurry(CSS) is an alternative fuel and a potential competitive method for sludge reduction.Based on the researches of coal water slurry, we studied CSSs by using a wet-grinding process with different types of regional municipal sludge(sludge) in an orthogonal experiment. The sludge type,sludge mixing proportion, dosage of dispersant, and grinding time were tested in this study. The results show that water content and its occurrence characteristics in the sludge have primary hindering influences on slurry ability. The range of fixed-viscosity concentrations with raw wet sludge is from 50.78%to 44.40%(by weight), while the range is from 53.35% to 51.51%(by weight) with dry sludge. All of the CSSs exhibit shear-thinning behaviors with different variation trends, especially the CSSs with more than 15%(by weight) raw wet sludge in it. Adding the same proportion of raw wet sludge increases the thixotropic properties of CSSs and the highest area of thixotropy loop is 3065 Pa/s, while the highest value of dry sludge is 1798 Pa/s. Hydrophilic group plays an important role in adsorbing water and building three-dimension networks with other particles, which is the main reason for CSS properties.Therefore, the mechanism can be used to find the way for making high quality CSS.     

GJB151A/152A—1997亟待修订

从复杂电磁环境客观要求、标准化要求、军民用技术融合、标准自身存在不合规范问题等4个方面论述GJB151A/152A—1997修订的必要性和紧迫性。明确提出军事电磁兼容概念,针对标准化发展趋势、我军电磁兼容特殊情况和标准本身等方面的问题,提出了修订GJB151A/152A—1997的建议。     

微量RE对易拉罐用铝材中富Fe杂质相的变质作用

在易拉罐用铝材熔体中添加微量RE元素对富Fe杂质相进行变质处理，采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X-Ray衍射（XRD）、能谱分析（EDAX）等分析测试手段研究杂质相的变质效果。结果表明：RE聚集于基体晶界，可通过与Al生成富Fe相异质形核核心，影响溶质原子扩散过程和杂质相生长方式，取代富Fe相中部分组成元素以降低x（Fe）/x（Mn）的经值等途径提高富Fe相形核率，并促使其生长形态发生变化，变质效果显著，即晶界处由粗大鱼骨状的Al（Fe,Mn,Si）复合相转变为Al（Fe,Mn,Mg,Si,RE）和Al（Fe,Mn,RE）复合相，分别呈短小骨骼状或小球状，可明显提高该事金的塑性。