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71.
Photoacousticspectroscopy (PAS)hasbeenusedtonondestructivelyinvestigatealmostallkindsofsam ples,whetherthesampleiscrystalline ,powderorgel .PAspectr oscopyisacalorimetrictechniquewhichmeasurestheenergyabsorbedandsubsequentheatingofthesamplesduetoanonradiativerelaxationpro cess .ThereforePAScanbeusedtostudyopaque ,highlyreflectiveandscatteringsamples ,whicharedif ficulttostudybyconventionalspectroscopytech niques[1] .Withouttheneedofsamplepreparation ,PASavoidstheriskofsamplealteration ,pre… 相似文献
72.
This study shows the connection between the morphological structure of transferred films and the chemical composition of the monolayer before transfer. The stability of a behenic acid monolayer depends on the linked influence of the type of cation and of the pH value in the aqueous subphase. The stability of the monolayer is assessed by the expansion of the solid-packed state and by the relaxation time. Its integrity is characterized by the number of crystal defects which appear in transferred Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films as seen through Nomarski microscope observations. Both stability and integrity are greatly improved when Cd2+ or Mn2+are added to the subphase at pH 5.75 and 6 respectively. In these conditions, the transfer is very efficient and the LB films thus obtained are of very high quality. The pH values of the subphase at which the molecules of behenic acid are transformed into bivalent salts differ significantly according to the nature of the cation involved. Comparing infrared spectra of the LB films, it appeared that the relative amount of acid/salt found in the monolayer was practically the same with a subphase containing either Cd2+ at pH 5.75 or Mn2+ at pH 6. This suggests that the ratio of acidic and salt forms would be a key parameter for obtaining high-quality LB films. 相似文献
73.
In the power transformer, the presence of polar or charged species in the insulating oil can cause failure and electric discharges. Solid substrates such as silica can be used to extract the polar species and to refine the oil in order to prevent future failure in the power transformer. However, the use of silica for petroleum oil separation and refining will depend on the silica characteristics such as surface charge, surface composition, specific surface area and particle size.Various pyrogenic silicas having various specific surface areas (49-200 m2 g−1) and particle sizes (207-500 nm) were used to extract the polar fractions from the neat transformer insulating oils (a new, NO, and used, UO2, oils). The oil covered silica samples were investigated by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy in the range 4000-600 cm−1. The bare silica surfaces present two main hydroxyl components, a sharper peak at 3745 cm−1, I3745, due to isolated silanols and a second broad, which spreads over 3745-3000 cm−1, I3745-3000, due to H-bonded silanols. The relative intensities of the two components, I3745/I3745-3000, varied for the bare and the oil covered silicas depending on the solid surface characteristics. The adsorption of the NO polar fraction onto silica leads to strong reduction in intensity of the sharper peak in favour of the broad one. However, the adsorption of the UO2 polar fraction onto silica leads in all cases to the decrease in the intensity of the both silica OH components. Further, the UO2 adsorption on the silica leads to the apparition of a broad peak at low frequency in the region 3250-3300 cm−1 which, is due to the associated phenolic groups of UO2 oil polar fraction. The analysis of the DRIFT spectra for various samples indicates that the oil polar fraction resembles to asphaltenes compounds.The microelectrophoresis method used to investigate the surface charge at the water/oil polar fraction covered silica interface, indicates negatively charged particles. Further, the negative charge increased with the pH, as resulting from the increase of the ionisation and/or the amount of the oil polar carboxylic and phenolic groups. The oil polar fraction, i.e. the asphaltene components, in contact with both the silica surface and water at high pH values rearrange, due to their amphiphilic character.Finally, the use of the silica substrates seems to be suited to extract and analyse polar species present in petroleum oil. A correlation is found between the nature of the oil, its functionalities, and the magnitude of its zeta potential value at the water/oil covered silica interface. 相似文献
74.
M. J. Vissenberg P. W. de Bont E. M. van Oers R. A. de Haan E. Boellaard A. M. van der Kraan V. H. J. de Beer R. A. van Santen 《Catalysis Letters》1996,40(1-2):25-29
Ion exchanged CoNaY was sulfided at 473 and 673 K and subsequently heated in He at 673 and 773 K. The resulting samples were characterized by means of overall sulfur analysis, temperature programmed Ar treatment and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that during He flushing at sufficiently high temperature a protolysis reaction occurs resulting in the decomposition of Co sulfide into Co2+ ions and H2S. 相似文献
75.
岩样自然伽玛能谱的数据库管理系统 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文阐述了岩样自然伽玛能谱数据库管理系统的功能、结构、特点以及它在研究自然伽玛能谱与岩性参数间关系中的应用,为自然伽玛能谱测井的资料解释奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
76.
Modified Imidazoles: Degradation Inhibitors and Adhesion Promoters for Polyimide Films on Copper Substrates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polyimide films on copper substrates that are exposed to elevated temperatures and an oxidizing environment will be subject to degradation. In order to halt this degradation without changing the properties of the system, a polymeric agent could be placed between the polyimide and the copper. This paper will investigate three such materials that will not only slow down the degradation of the polyimide and the oxidation of the copper, but will also improve adhesion within the system. Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (FTIR-RAS) will be used to investigate the polyimide/polymeric agent/copper system. 相似文献
77.
机载导弹逼近红外告警系统发展现状 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为了有效对付地空、空空导弹威胁、国外在50年代中期就开始研制红外告警设备。目前已广泛装备部队。综述了导弹逼近红外告警系统发展现状。 相似文献
78.
Giuseppe G. G. Manzardo Sandra Kürsteiner-Laube und Daniel Perrin 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1996,203(6):501-506
In diethyl ether extracts from celeriac (Apium graveolens L. var.rapaceum) all four stereoisomers of (3a–7a)-cis-3-butylhexahydrophthalide were found to be present. The analyses were carried out by means of GC, enantioselective GC and GC-MS. The assignment of the relative configuration of the diastereomers3 and4 was accomplished by NOE difference spectroscopy. 相似文献
79.
采用Ge/Pd/GaAs结构和快速热退火在n-GaAs上形成了低阻欧姆接触。利用H次离子质谱(SIMS)技术揭示和讨论了低欧姆接触形成的机理。比较了采用X 和CsX 信号检测的Ge,Pd,Ga和As的深度分布。结果表明采用CSX 可以提供更准确的结果和成分信息。 相似文献
80.