Adaptive Cross Correlation for Imaging Displacements in Soils

Digital image correlation (DIC) is used in this paper to study two-dimensional spatial soil deformations nonintrusively. Adaptive cross correlation (ACC), which is an advanced cross-correlation algorithm that utilizes variable window sizing and window shifting methods, was used to reduce the errors associated with conventional DIC. Comparison of the two algorithms using a scheme of predefined digital and physical movements shows that ACC improves the accuracy and range of DIC. A model of a strip footing on sand is presented. A digital camera was used to capture consecutive images of soil deformations through a Plexiglas mold. The spatial deformation of the soil beneath the footing was obtained by correlating consecutive images using ACC. Shear strains and the failure surface were also calculated based on the displacements measured using ACC. The optical setup and digital image processing technique presented in this paper were proven to be an effective tool for studying soil–structure interaction nonintrusively.     

The effect of anisotropic reflectance on imaging spectroscopy of snow properties

How does snow's anisotropic directional reflectance affect the mapping of snow properties from imaging spectrometer data? This sensitivity study applies two spectroscopy models to synthetic images of the spectral hemispherical-directional reflectance factor (HDRF) with prescribed snow-covered area and snow grain size. The MEMSCAG model determines both sub-pixel snow-covered area and the grain size of the fractional snow cover. The Nolin/Dozier model analyzes the ice absorption feature that spans wavelength λ≅1.03 μm to estimate snow grain radius when the pixel is fully snow-covered. Retrievals of subpixel snow-covered area with MEMSCAG are progressively more sensitive to the HDRF as grain size decreases, solar zenith angle increases, and fractional snow cover increases. The model overestimates snow cover in the forward reflectance angles by up to +20% and underestimates it in the backward reflectance angles by as much as −15%. Grain size retrievals from both MEMSCAG and Nolin/Dozier are more sensitive to anisotropy as grain size and solar zenith angle increase. MEMSCAG retrievals of grain size are insensitive to snow-covered area. The largest inferred grain sizes occur around a peak in the backward reflectance angles and the smallest generally occur at the largest view angles in the forward direction. Retrievals of albedo from MEMSCAG and Nolin/Dozier are similarly sensitive to anisotropy, with albedo errors up to 5% for a 30° solar zenith angle and up to 10% at 60°. The albedo differences between the two models are less than 0.015 for all grain sizes and solar zenith angles.     

Nanometer edge and surface imaging using optical scatter

Imaging of edges to nanometer resolution using a novel non-contact technique is presented. This technique relies on positioning an optical beam to the edge, and simultaneously scanning, and measuring differential changes in off-specular scatter. Data may be used to calculate the radius at the edge to high accuracy. The experimental apparatus is capable of producing diffraction images of features on surfaces arising from processes used in sample preparation. Images of the cleaved edge of an optical fiber, an Au pad on Si, and cleaved quartz measured on this apparatus are presented. This technique could also be utilized to analyze cleaved laser diodes, micro-optics, MEMS devices, and diamond cutting tools.     

三维医学可视化分析平台的研究

本文介绍西北大学可视化研究所研制的三维医学可视化分析系统。该系统可用于医学影像数据库、手术计划系统、远程会诊系统和计算机医学辅助教学系统的开发平台,为医学图像可视化提供了有力的工具。     

An integrated research tool for X-ray imaging simulation

This paper presents a software simulation package of the entire X-ray projection radiography process including beam generation, absorber structure and composition, irradiation set up, radiation transport through the absorbing medium, image formation and dose calculation. Phantoms are created as composite objects from geometrical or voxelized primitives and can be subjected to simulated irradiation process. The acquired projection images represent the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the energy absorbed in the detector and are formed at any geometry, taking into account energy spectrum, beam geometry and detector response. This software tool is the evolution of a previously presented system, with new functionalities, user interface and an expanded range of applications. This has been achieved mainly by the use of combinatorial geometry for phantom design and the implementation of a Monte Carlo code for the simulation of the radiation interaction at the absorber and the detector.     

隧道扫描成像中的一种图像校正方法

提出了一种快捷、实用的用于隧道扫描成像中的图像的校正方法,并通过采用VC编程表明这种方法是可行的.首先寻找一条边线,然后以此为依据校正整个图像.     

反射型LCOS显示板用于人眼波前像差校正的研究

采用基于硅基板的反射型液晶显示器件(LCOS)进行人眼波前像差校正的研究.理论分析了LCOS显示器件的光学调制特性,在合适的参数条件下,LCOS可工作在偏相位调制状态下.LCOS作为波前校正器和哈特曼传感器结合构成一个自适应闭环校正系统,校正在成像光路中引入的具有人眼波前像差特点的静态波前畸变,实验结果标明LCOS可以有效地校正光学成像系统中的波前畸变,校正后像差的RMS值小于0.1 μm.LCOS器件作为相位校正元件在人眼波前像差校正和视网膜成像系统中具有良好的应用前景.     

基于贪婪算法成像侦察卫星调度方法研究

成像侦察卫星的调度问题需要考虑大量互相联系的约束条件,实现全面调度的难度比较大,特别是在作战的情况下,很难满足快速战略决策的要求,而且各种干扰因素将会对卫星的状态产生影响,需要优越的初始调度方案作为基础.针对以上提出的实际问题,首先对成像侦查卫星约束条件进行分析,在简单假设的基础上对问题进行描述,建立卫星调度的约束模型,基于贪婪算法原理,通过软件实现调度模型求解,得到成像侦查卫星的快速调度方案,为卫星任务状态变化的二次调度和满足快速战略决策提供比较令人满意的调度基础解.     

改进的模糊CMAC神经网络

提出了一种改进的模糊CMAC神经网络（IFCMAC）,该神经网络是在经典的FCMAC神经网络的模糊后相连层和输出层之间引入了输入矢量的线性加权和来补偿逼近的误差,所以它的逼近精度得到提高,解决了CMAC系列神经网络逼近精度不高的弱点,在颅脑磁共振图像分割仿真实验中,把当前像素点的子图像的纹理特征和该像素点的灰度值作为该像素的特征向量,将该特征向量作为IFCMAC神经网络的输入,实验结果表明其具有较高的分割准确性。     

联合估计混叠度，运动参数和高分辨率图像的JEMAP算法

本文提出一种空域联合估计混叠度，运动参数和高分辨率图像的JEMAP算法，以提高超分辨率处理的适应性，在地面上稳定地获得高于实测卫星图像中所用CCD设备成像精度的高清晰图像。算法根据星戡CCD设备的成像机理，定义卫星图像的混叠度，确定超分辨率处理模型，通过空域迭代联合估计混叠度，运动参数和高分辨率图像。实际卫星图像处理表明JEMAP算法具有很好的适应性和稳定性，包含先验约束能力较强，可以解开欠采样低分辨率输入图像的混叠，重构清晰卫星图像。