Influence of copolymerisation on fracture behaviour of aliphatic polyketones

High strain rate tensile impact properties of aliphatic polyketone terpolymers were investigated and related to the polymer chain structure. Aliphatic polyketones were used as a model system, by changing the termonomer content and type. Aliphatic polyketone is a perfectly alternating copolymer and the structure was changed with the addition of a few mol% of termonomer: propylene, hexylene and dodecene. Studied were the thermal properties with DSC and DMTA, tensile behaviour, notched tensile impact behaviour, notched Izod properties and the temperature development during deformation. The perfectly alternating copolymer had a melting point of 257 °C, a T_g at 15 °C, a high crystallinity (48%), a high yield stress (77 MPa) and yield strain (31%) but a relatively low fracture strain (85%) and an impact strength (notched Izod) of 13 kJ/m². Increasing the propylene content to 6%, lowered the melting temperature to 224 °C, without changing the T_g. The modulus and yield stress were lowered but the impact strength improved. Increasing the length of the termonomer while keeping the T_m at 224 °C lowered the T_g, the modulus, the yield stress but strongly improved the impact resistance. The longer termonomers, with a lower yield stress, reduced the necking behaviour. The temperature increase in front of the notch was about 85 °C. By adding termonomers to aliphatic ketones, the notched impact behaviour improved significantly at the cost of modulus and yield stress.     

等效剪切刚度的框架结构损伤识别方法

为研究有别于现有侧重于研究结构具体构件(梁、柱及支撑等)的建筑结构损伤识别方法,提出应直接从整体开展框架结构损伤识别方法.将框架结构转换成"等效剪切型"结构,数值分析表明,结构具体构件出现损伤(即刚度发生退化)时,会引起受影响层的等效剪切刚度发生变化,因此,可以采用层等效剪切刚度变化率与层抗侧刚度作为指标来进行结构损伤定位与损伤程度评定.通过大量的框架结构数值模拟计算,归纳出了一套能将损伤定位到结构层及从整体来评定结构损伤程度的方法.     

Damage and deterioration mechanism and curing technique of concrete structure in main coal cleaning plants

Concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants have been rebuilt and reinforced in the coal mines of the Shanghai Da-tun Energy Sources Co. Ltd., the first colliery of the Pingdingshan Coal Co. Ltd. and the Sanhejian mine of the Xuzhou Mining Group Co. Ltd. In these projects, the operating environment and reliability of concrete structures in the main plants of the three companies were investigated and the safety of the structures inspected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were made on the spe-cial natural, technological and mechanical environments around the structures. On the basis of these analyses, we discuss the long-term, combined actions of the harsh natural (corrosive gases, liquids and solids) and mechanical environments on concrete structures and further investigated the damage and deteriorating mechanisms and curing techniques of concrete structures in the main coal cleaning plants. Our study can provide a theoretical basis for ensuring the reliability of concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants.     

简支梁多位置损伤识别研究

曲率模态是结构损伤识别的敏感标示量,采用数值仿真方法,把曲率模态用于桥梁损伤识别.利用简支梁损伤前后一阶曲率变化率作为识别参数,便可明显确定其多处损伤位置.对相关样本参数进行归一化处理并引入噪声干扰,利用BP人工神经网络进行数值仿真计算,也能对其损伤程度进行有效模拟,验证了BP神经网络也有很强的泛化能力及容错能力.     

基于核磁共振成像的混凝土冻融损伤特征

为研究多次冻融循环过程中材料内部孔隙分布的变化特点,采用低强度磁场核磁共振成像扫描仪对经过0,50,100和200次冻融循环的混凝土试件进行扫描,获得了弛豫时间T₂分布谱和扫描图像。研究结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,表征材料孔隙率大小的T₂谱面积呈现初期增速较快,后期增速减小的规律;小孔隙含量随循环次数增加而减小,大孔隙含量随循环次数增加而上升;不同损伤程度的混凝土试件的核磁共振(NMR)扫描图像与T₂分布谱的变化特点具有较好的同步性,体现了扫描结果的准确性。研究成果有助于加深对混凝土在冻融循环过程中结构损伤演化规律的认识。     

正弦波下砂岩ms级损伤预测模型

为获得毫秒(ms)级正弦波损伤变量预测模型,对岩样在不破坏情况下进行了不同波形不同频率的轴向力加卸载试验。提出了不同步时间段的定义,进而获得不同峰值荷载下不考虑不同步时间条件下的动态泊松比分别与即时荷载、即时横向长度、即时轴向高度之间的线性关系,从而得到线性关系中系数与峰值荷载间的拟合公式,即可联立不同已知条件,通过少量几个加载力峰值下的试验数据,对任意峰值荷载下动态泊松比与相关参数间的线性关系进行预测。以此为基础研究得到,在误差允许的范围内,采用动态泊松比与即时横向长度的线性关系,推导出体积应变、损伤变量的计算公式和方法,可以很好地对加卸载过程中岩样的体积应变、损伤的变化做出ms级的精确预测,也为在已知少量循环试验下获得岩石动态参数,即可对ms级的损伤进行精确预测的模型提供了方法。     

考虑接触行为的U型渠道冻胀数值模拟

U型衬砌渠道具有良好的整体性和冻胀适应性,但在冬季仍极易因土体冻胀而导致破坏。考虑渠基冻土与衬砌接触面冻结的非线性特性和冻土、混凝土材料的塑性特征,建立能分析渠道基土与衬砌间挤压、脱开及滑移等接触力学行为的渠道冻胀破坏热力耦合数值模型。以宝鸡峡灌区塬下北干渠为原型渠道,按照模型是否考虑接触分别进行冻胀数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明:考虑接触的模型模拟结果与原型实测值更相符,更能合理地解释U型渠道冻胀在渠底与阴坡衔接处冻胀量最小;考虑接触的混凝土塑性应变最大值是不考虑接触时的3.76倍;考虑接触的法向冻胀力和切向冻结力更均匀,最大值均减少1.5~3.0倍,应力集中现象减弱,更能反映混凝土衬砌板与渠基土之间的滑移变形与破坏准则的相互作用。研究结果为U型衬砌渠道冻胀破坏规律提供了分析方法。     

基于应变率损伤本构模型的围岩分区破裂化现象数值模拟

为了探究深部巷道围岩的分区破裂化现象,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件数值模拟,使用Cowper-Symonds本构模型结合GISSMO模型,将巷道的开挖视为动力过程。从岩石的细观角度出发,考虑岩石的应变率效应以及损伤对岩石的力学性质的影响,构建应变率损伤本构模型。同时结合应力三轴度,以更全面地描述岩石在各种应力条件下的力学特性,并基于最大应变和最大拉应力准则建立单元破坏准则。对岩石进行单轴压缩数值、掘进开挖法模拟及实际观测的结果表明:岩石单轴压缩全应力-应变曲线拟合效果较好;掘进开挖速率对分区破裂化现象有影响;掘进开挖法的分区破裂化模拟结果与实际观测数据具有一定的一致性。提出的模型对于围岩分区破裂化现场的模拟及预测有一定的参考意义。     

涡扇发动机拉紧轴疲劳试验

针对涡扇发动机拉紧轴在工作环境中所存在的疲劳失效问题,提出基于有限元法(FEM)与Miner线性累积损伤理论相结合的理论模型,实现了已知涡扇发动机拉紧轴材料、几何尺寸等条件下的标准载荷循环谱计算.进一步开展了风扇拉紧轴的疲劳寿命试验测试与分析,结果表明,试验中拉紧轴可承受30 000次试验载荷循环数,试验之后经检查无裂纹、凸肩切入、螺纹断扣等失效现象,最终确定其在标准载荷循环下的安全使用寿命.通过开展对拉紧轴的疲劳试验研究、仿真计算与分析等工作,有效验证了可靠性寿命预测方法与模型的可行性.     

基于模型缩聚的θ指标损伤识别方法

为实现大型三维空间结构的损伤检测,提出了一种基于模型缩聚技术的检测方法。该方法利用有限数量的加速度传感器,得到大型三维桁架结构的自振频率和模态振型,以完成损伤的识别。数值仿真结果表明：该方法在损伤的定位识别和定量识别上能达到预期的适用性和可靠性。