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51.
Nano SiO2-P(VDF-HFP) composite porous membranes were prepared as the matrix of porous polymer electrolytes through in situ composite method based on hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane and phase inversion. SEM, TEM, DSC and AC impedance analysis were carried out. It is found that the in situ prepared nano silica was homogeneously dispersed in the polymeric matrix, enhanced conductivity and electrochemical stability of porous polymer electrolytes, and improved the stability of the electrolytes against lithium metal electrodes. The in situ composite method was found to be much better than the direct composite method in lowering the interfacial resistance between electrolyte and lithium metal electrode. Moreover, cycle test of lithium batteries using lithium metal as anode and sulfur composite material as cathode showed that the electrolyte based on in situ composite of silica presented stable charge-discharge behavior and little capacity loss of battery. 相似文献
52.
Laurence J. Hardwick Matthias Hahn Michael Holzapfel Hilmi Buqa Petr Novák 《Electrochimica acta》2006,52(2):675-680
An initial Raman study on the effects of intercalation for aprotic electrolyte-based electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) is reported. In situ Raman microscopy is employed in the study of the electrochemical intercalation of tetraethylammonium (Et4N+) and tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) into and out of microcrystalline graphite. During cyclic voltammetry experiments, the insertion of Et4N+ into graphite for the negative electrode occurs at an onset potential of +1.0 V versus Li/Li+. For the positive electrode, BF4− was shown to intercalate above +4.3 V versus Li/Li+. The characteristic G-band doublet peak (E2g2(i) (1578 cm−1) and E2g2(b) (1600 cm−1)) showed that various staged compounds were formed in both cases and the return of the single G-band (1578 cm−1) demonstrates that intercalation was fully reversible. The disappearance of the D-band (1329 cm−1) in intercalated graphite is also noted and when the intercalant is removed a more intense D-band reappears, indicating possible lattice damage. For cation intercalation, such irreversible changes of the graphite structure are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 相似文献
53.
A novel process was developed for the bitumen emulsion upgrading, wherein emulsion breaking and upgrading occurred in the same reactor using H2 generated in situ from the water in the emulsion via the water gas shift reaction (WGSR). In this study, dibenzothiophene (DBT) was chosen as a model compound to investigate the effect of water and in situ H2 on hydrodesulfurization (HDS). All the experiments were performed in a 1-L autoclave reactor at temperatures between 300 and 380 °C using in situ H2 and ex situ H2 (externally supplied H2) over a dispersed Mo catalyst formed from phosphomolybdic acid (PMA). At very low water content, water was found to promote the HDS reaction in the ex situ H2 run probably because it facilitates the formation of more active dispersed MoSx species. At higher water content, however, water inhibits every individual reaction in the reaction network in the HDS of DBT, blocking the hydrogenation pathway more than the hydrogenolysis pathway. The relative reactivity of the in situ and ex situ H2 depends on the water content present in the reaction system. At an optimized mole ratio of H2O:CO (1.35), higher HDS activity was observed in the in situ H2 run compared to ex situ H2 run, and particularly, the hydrogenation pathway was promoted in the in situ H2 run. 相似文献
54.
Lihua Wang Xiaodong Yi Weizheng Weng Chunxi Zhang Xin Xu Huilin Wan 《Catalysis Letters》2007,118(3-4):238-243
By using the in situ IR spectroscopy, the superoxide species (O2−), characterized by the O–O stretching peak at 1130 cm−1, was detected on the SrF2/La2O3 catalyst at temperatures up to 973 K. The introduction of 18O2 isotope caused the 1130 cm−1 peak to shift to lower wavenumbers (1095 and 1064 cm−1), consistent with the assignment of the spectra to the superoxide species. A good correlation between the rate of the disappearance
of the O2− species and that of the formation of C2H4 was observed, suggesting that O2− was the active oxygen species responsible for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) on the SrF2/La2O3 catalyst. This conclusion was reinforced by the EPR experiments (gxx = 2.0001, gyy = 2.0045, gzz = 2.0685), showing that O2− was the only paramagnetic oxygen species detectable on the O2-preadsorbed SrF2/La2O3 catalyst. These results suggest that superoxide O2− can be a stable active oxygen species, whose role in the OCM reaction cannot be overlooked. 相似文献
55.
刘德健 《网络安全技术与应用》2014,(2):134-134,136
随着科技的发展,越来越多的医院建立了局域网,医院管理对于网络的依赖也El益加深。本文主要分析了医院局域网自身安全因素,并就医院局域网安全保护措施进行了探讨。 相似文献
56.
李会芬 《数字社区&智能家居》2014,(11):7361-7363
实验室开放是高职院校实验教学改革的必然趋势,该文就实验室开放式管理的意义进行了阐述,对传统计算机实验室在管理的维护中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了开放型实验室建设管理的几点具体措施,探索了多层次、多形式的实验室开放的途径,使计算机实验室真正实现时间、空间、内容的全方位开放。 相似文献
57.
The effect of the in situ compatibilization on the mechanical properties of PP/PS blends was investigated. The application of Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction to the PP/PS-blend compatibilization was assessed. Styrene/AlCl3 was used as catalyst system. The graft copolymer (PP-g-PS) formed at the interphase showed relatively high emulsifying strength. Scission reactions, occurring in parallel with grafting, were verified for PP and PS at high catalyst concentration, but no crosslinking reactions were detected. Tensile tests were performed on dog-bone specimens of the blends. Both elongation at break and toughness increased with catalyst concentration. At 0.7% AlCl3, a maximum was reached, which amounted to five times the value of the property for the uncompatibilized blend. At higher catalyst concentrations these properties decreased along with the PP molecular weight due to chain-scission reactions. On the other hand, the tensile strength did not change with the catalyst concentration. The in situ compatibilized blends showed considerable improvement in mechanical properties, but were adversely affected by chain scissions at high catalyst contents. 相似文献
58.
T.Y. Yan 《Chemical Engineering Communications》1985,33(1):219-230
The technical feasibility of in situ uranium leaching using dilute sulfuric acid and molecular oxygen has been assessed and the important process parameters examined by use of laboratory high pressure leaching columns.
The dilute H2SO4/O2 lixiviant was effective in leaching uranium from the ore samples tested. The leaching process was chemical reaction rate limited and can be represented using pseudo first-order kinetics. The leaching rate constant is proportional to the proton concentration of the lixiviant.
Much of the uranium was leached from the ore before decomposition of carbonate minerals by the acid was complete. Acid consumption per pound of U3O8 increased sharply as the uranium recovery level exceeded 70%. There appears to be a minimum oxygen pressure for effective uranium leaching. A pressure of 2758 KPa was adequate for the ore samples tested 相似文献
The dilute H2SO4/O2 lixiviant was effective in leaching uranium from the ore samples tested. The leaching process was chemical reaction rate limited and can be represented using pseudo first-order kinetics. The leaching rate constant is proportional to the proton concentration of the lixiviant.
Much of the uranium was leached from the ore before decomposition of carbonate minerals by the acid was complete. Acid consumption per pound of U3O8 increased sharply as the uranium recovery level exceeded 70%. There appears to be a minimum oxygen pressure for effective uranium leaching. A pressure of 2758 KPa was adequate for the ore samples tested 相似文献
59.
Ming Li Zbigniew Twardowski Felix Mok Norbert Tam 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2007,37(4):499-504
Sodium dichromate is commonly used in sodium chlorate production to maintain high current efficiency; however, it is also
a well documented carcinogen. To reduce the environmental impact, identification of a suitable alternative with similar buffering
characteristics to dichromate and without adverse effect on the electrolytic performance of sodium chlorate production is
important; sodium molybdate is a good candidate. Molybdate ion and its conjugated acid work as a buffer pair at pH 5–6, a
lower and slightly narrower pH window than the typical buffer region of dichromate. Nonetheless, the molybdate buffer works
effectively during the electrolytic process by maintaining pH at 5.9. Although the use of molybdate buffer will lower the
overpotential of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by 100 mV, the average off-gas oxygen content is noticeably compromised
at 3.6–4.6%, measured using a pilot cell operated at 3 kA m−2and 80 °C during a 3-day trial. The resulting current efficiency of 91 92% is significantly lower than when dichromate is
employed as the process additive (> 96%). Mixtures of different dichromate and molybdate ratio were also investigated in terms
of the resulting cathode surface potential. 相似文献
60.
制备具有固体分散结构的丹皮酚缓释微球,并考察其体内外相关性。采用乳化溶剂扩散法制备丹皮酚缓释微球,考察微球的外观、载药量、包封率及体外释放行为。并以丹皮酚原料药为对照,根据大鼠的体内药物动力学试验结果,考察自制微球的体内外相关性。药物在37℃蒸馏水中12 h释放达到85%以上,大鼠体内的药动学实验表明,制得的丹皮酚缓释微球的体外释放累积百分数与体内吸收分数相关系数较好(r=0.977 5),生物利用度是丹皮酚原料药的136.81%。该方法较适用于难溶性药物制备缓释微球。 相似文献