台达PLC在污泥干化控制系统中的应用

为提高污泥干化系统自动化控制能力,采用DVP-60ES系列PLc和德力西CDI9200系列变频器,工控机,组织了一个基于工控机(I Pc-610MB)、PLc、变频器、电动执行器的无害化污泥干化自动控制系统。该控制系统分为3个部分:电气控制部分、PLc程序的开发、人机界面的开发。分析了系统工作的基本原理和主要过程,介绍了系统的硬、软件构成及其特性。通过一年多生产表明,该系统设备运行效果良好。     

ZnO压敏电阻器生产工艺的改进

压敏电阻器的生产工艺是影响产品质量的重要因素之一。通过试验，对生产工艺中，影响ＺｎＯ压敏电阻器直流老化性能的因素，如原材料细度、烧成气氛、成型密度、热处理温度和时间、掺杂等进行了研究，并据此确定了最佳工艺条件。     

光电技术在工业检测中的应用

光学检测在恶劣的工作环境下显示了突出的优点。本文综述了工业光学检测的一般途径,详细讨论了线材、板材、三维图象等具体工业问题采用的特殊光学检测方法,及其今后可能的发展和应用领域。     

Economic Indicators

Currency exchanges rates – updated monthly. Economic indicators of industrial production. Countries included: France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Japan (Total G-7), Eurozone and Total EU-28 (Total OECD). Updated monthly. Economic indicators of car registration in the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Japan, Republic of Korea and Other OECD (Total OECD-30). Updated monthly. Monthly averages of crude steel production in thousand metric tons for the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Russia, Ukraine, South Africa, Iran, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan and Australia.     

催化剂浸渍干燥设备的计算流体力学模拟

对用于非固定床的负载型催化剂而言,粒度分布、强度、球形度等质量指标对催化反应过程有重大影响。干燥在炼油催化剂生产中是关键处理工艺之一,对催化剂产品的粒度分布、强度和球形度等指标有重大影响。为了提高催化剂的质量,开发了一种浸渍干燥器。根据工艺要求,建立了一个浸渍干燥器三维几何模型,并应用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,进行了两相计算流体力学(CFD)模拟计算。通过干燥器内流场和气固两相分布的信息,获得了较优的浸渍干燥器进料管长度,为催化剂浸渍干燥器的设计与放大提供可靠指导。     

基于工业以太网和现场总线的集散控制系统

基于工业以太网和现场总线的集散控制系统(DCS),在基本组成基础上,扩充了专用功能站、生产管理和信息处理的信息网络、实现现场仪表和执行机构数字化的现场总线网络.控制站直接进行现场I/O数据采样、信息交互、控制运算及逻辑控制,完成整个工业过程中的实时控制,并实现各种I/O接口.现场总线系统采用CAN总线,改变系统现场信号线的接线方式,使DCS在现场检测和控制执行方面被数字化.     

Determination of pistachio drying behaviour and conditions in a solar drying system

The main object of this study is to determine the drying behaviour and conditions of shelled and unshelled pistachio samples using both solar assisted and open sun drying. For each drying experiment, 100 g each of unshelled and shelled pistachio were used. The least‐squares method was applied to find the drying curve equation of pistachio. During the experiments, shelf temperatures, weight loss of pistachio, moisture content of air, and distribution of solar radiation were measured; and presented depending on the drying time. Also, the mass shrinkage ratios of shelled and unshelled pistachio samples were determined, and the experimental uncertainty ratio was calculated as 15–16.5 per cent based on the experimental results. It was deduced that the shelled and unshelled pistachio samples in the solar assisted forced convection dryer were perfectly dried at temperatures of 50±10°C in the time period of 6 h. Whereas, the samples in the open sun drying were not sufficiently dried at temperatures of 28±4°C in the same time period. Hence, it is suggested that the pistachio samples with approximately 29.0 per cent of moisture are dried in the solar assisted convection dryer at 50±10°C of temperature in the time period of approximately 6 h in order to protect from the negative climatic and environmental effects. However, it is not desirable to dry the pistachio samples in the open sun because of greater drying time, dirt, dust and harmful insects. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用于致密气提高采收率的储集层干化方法

基于广义水锁伤害机理及水锁解除方法研究,研制用于提高致密气采收率的干化剂并对其基础性能、注入方式、干化效果进行评价.结合室内实验研制出适用于不同类型致密储集层的干化剂体系,研究了干化剂的化学效应、热效应、抗盐作用、抗盐配方以及干化反应延迟作用机理与方法,测试了超临界CO2对干化剂体系的溶解与增溶特性,提出了干化剂超临界...     

Measuring industrial energy savings

Accurate measurement of energy savings from industrial energy efficiency projects can reduce uncertainty about the efficacy of the projects, guide the selection of future projects, improve future estimates of expected savings, promote financing of energy efficiency projects through shared-savings agreements, and improve utilization of capital resources. Many efforts to measure industrial energy savings, or simply track progress toward efficiency goals, have had difficulty incorporating changing weather and production, which are frequently major drivers of plant energy use. This paper presents a general method for measuring plant-wide industrial energy savings that takes into account changing weather and production between the pre and post-retrofit periods. In addition, the method can disaggregate savings into components, which provides additional resolution for understanding the effectiveness of individual projects when several projects are implemented together. The method uses multivariable piece-wise regression models to characterize baseline energy use, and disaggregates savings by taking the total derivative of the energy use equation. Although the method incorporates search techniques, multi-variable least-squares regression and calculus, it is easily implemented using data analysis software, and can use readily available temperature, production and utility billing data. This is important, since more complicated methods may be too complex for widespread use. The method is demonstrated using case studies of actual energy assessments. The case studies demonstrate the importance of adjusting for weather and production between the pre- and post-retrofit periods, how plant-wide savings can be disaggregated to evaluate the effectiveness of individual retrofits, how the method can identify the time-dependence of savings, and limitations of engineering models when used to estimate future savings.     

喷雾干燥成型法制备催化裂化催化剂的球形度影响因素分析

分析了催化裂化催化剂喷雾干燥过程中的不同形貌微球成型机理,考察了喷雾干燥成型工艺和催化剂浆液特性对催化剂球形度的影响。结果表明,在热空气的进出口温差约为260 ℃、载气量为1 500~2 000 m3/h、雾化机转速为5 000~14 000 r/min的喷雾干燥成型条件下,催化剂球形度相对较高,不小于0.85;通过增加催化剂浆液总固物质量分数、降低浆液黏度、优化使用黏结剂的类型及其用量,有益于提升催化剂球形度;通过综合优化喷雾干燥成型工艺和催化剂制备过程,可制备出具有实心结构、表面圆整的微球催化剂,所制备的原位晶化催化剂和助催化剂的球形度均大于0.90,半合成催化剂的大于0.88。