Surface spin polarization in Fe(1 1 0) and Ni(1 1 0)

The magnetism of Ni(1 1 0) and Fe(1 1 0) surfaces was investigated by electron capture spectroscopy. He⁺ and He²⁺ ions impinged on the Fe(1 1 0) and Ni(1 1 0) surfaces under grazing incidence, and the degree of polarization of the light emitted by the neutralized projectiles was analyzed. Our measurements show that in Ni(1 1 0) minority electrons have a higher density of states at the Fermi energy than majority electrons, opposed to the Fe(1 1 0) case. From a comparison of our measurements we estimate the ratio between captured minority and majority electrons in Ni(1 1 0) to be similar as the ratio between captured majority and minority electrons in Fe(1 1 0).     

超分子聚合物科学与工程

从超分子聚合物化学(合成与机理)，超分子聚合物物理(结构和性能)和超分子聚合物工程(加工与应用)三个方面综述超分子聚合物科学与工程的内容和进展．     

交互式Web应用的开发

根据用户请求实现动态数据交换是Web应用系统不可或缺的功能。JSP是新一代的开发动态Web应用的技术。研究采用JSP技术开发交互式Web应用的问题,先简要分析JSP技术的主要特点,然后从实用角度出发讨论使用JSP技术开发交互式Web应用的一些关键技术,最后给出采用JSP技术开发的一个网上教学系统。     

在线群体交互的影响模型及其学习算法

在线群体交互有助于数字图书馆发挥其服务人类需求的潜力，但如何量化在线群体交互对个人信息访问方面的影响还有待进一步研究．该文用隐Markov模型(HMM)来建模交互用户的状态序列及其相应的信息搜索行为，并基于影响模型理论提出了一个在线群体交互影响模型来分析用户在从数字图书馆选择资料和搜索所需信息时的相互影响．为满足本应用问题中增量模型学习的需要，文章还从耦合隐Markov模型(CHMM)学习算法引申出基于梯度的方法来进行在线群体交互影响模型参数的训练．实验结果显示，本文所提出的模型和算法能较准确地刻画在线群体交互对个人信息访问行动的影响．     

Effect of interactions between voltage and current harmonics on the net harmonic current produced by single phase non-linear loads

The effect of the interaction between both load voltage and current harmonics on the net harmonic current produced by different types of single phase non-linear loads is investigated. Two types of loads are considered: the fluorescent lamps' load and single phase diode bridge rectifiers' load. Studies are done on each load alone and then on the combination of both. The electromagnetic transient program has been used to model these loads. The computer simulations are supported by laboratory testing. The main conclusion of this work is that neglecting the interactions between both voltage and current harmonics will result in incorrect estimation of the harmonic current produced by these loads. Also it is concluded that using a combination of different types of loads can result in a reduction of the current and voltage distortions.     

MING-I: a distributed interactive multimedia document development mechanism

The next generation of interactive multimedia documents can contain both static media, e.g., text, graph, image, and continuous media, e.g., audio and video, and can provide user interactions in distributed environments. However, the temporal information of multimedia documents cannot be described using traditional document structures, e.g., Open Document Architecture (ODA) and Standard Generalized Mark-up Language (SGML); the continuous transmission of media units also raises some new synchronization problems, which have not been met before, for processing user interactions. Thus, developing a distributed interactive multimedia document system should resolve the issues of document model, presentation control architecture, and control scheme. In this paper, we (i) propose a new multimedia document model that contains the logical structure, the layout structure, and the temporal structure to formally describe multimedia documents, and (ii) point out main interaction-based synchronization problems, and propose a control architecture and a token-based control scheme to solve these interaction-based synchronization problems. Based on the proposed document model, control architecture, and control scheme, a distributed interactive multimedia document development mechanism, which is called MING-I, is developed on SUN workstations.     

The Affective Structure of Supportive Parenting: Depressive Symptoms, Immediate Emotions, and Child-Oriented Motivation.

This study investigated the maternal concerns and emotions that may regulate one form of sensitive parenting, support for children's immediate desires or intentions. While reviewing a videotape of interactions with their 1-year-olds, mothers who varied on depressive symptoms reported concerns and emotions they had during the interaction. Emotions reflected outcomes either to children (child-oriented concerns) or to mothers themselves (parent-oriented concerns). Child-oriented concerns were associated with fewer negative emotions and more supportive behavior. Supportive parenting was high among mothers who experienced high joy and worry and low anger, sadness, and guilt. However, relations depended on whether emotions were child or parent oriented: Supportive behavior occurred more when emotions were child oriented. In addition, as depressive symptoms increased, mothers reported fewer child-oriented concerns, fewer child-oriented positive emotions, and more parent-oriented negative emotions. They also displayed less supportive behavior. Findings suggest that support for children's immediate intentions may be regulated by parents' concerns, immediate emotions, and depressive symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy as an Intrafamily Dynamic.

This research examined whether parents' and children's perceptions of one another have reciprocal self-fulfilling effects on each other's behavior. Parents and their adolescent children completed self-report surveys and engaged in dyadic videotaped interaction tasks. The surveys assessed mothers', fathers', and children's perceptions of their own and the other's hostility and warmth. Observers coded the videotaped interactions to assess the actual hostility and warmth exhibited by parents and children. Data from 658 mother-child dyads were consistent with the conclusion that children had a self-fulfilling effect on their mothers' hostility but that mothers did not have a reciprocal self-fulfilling effect on their children's hostility. No other self-fulfilling prophecy effects emerged. Findings are discussed in terms of family relations and the differential power of negative versus positive self-fulfilling prophecies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Neural Gate Keeping: The Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Resource Allocation and Selective Filtering.

The corpus callosum has been proposed to contribute to attention by modulating resource allocation between the hemispheres and filtering interhemispheric signal transmission (M. T. Banich, 1998). The resource allocation hypothesis predicts that interhemispheric interactions become more advantageous with increasing resource demands. The selective filtering hypothesis predicts that interhemispheric interactions become less advantageous as filtering requirements increase. The authors tested both predictions by comparing within- and across-hemisphere letter matching under dual-task (Experiment 1) and selective attention conditions (Experiment 2). Task-specific resource demands (i.e., letter processing load) alter the bihemispheric advantage, but the general demand imposed by an unrelated secondary task does not. Filtering requirements influenced the advantage from interhemispheric interactions, providing new evidence for the role of the corpus callosum in selective attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Turbulence Characteristics and Interaction between Particles and Fluid in Particle-Laden Open Channel Flows

Mechanism of sediment transport is composed of complicated interactions between turbulent flow, particle motion, and bed configurations. Of particular significance is the interaction between turbulence and particle motion, although turbulence measurements of particle-laden two phase flow have been a problem for a long time, especially in the near-wall region. In this study, simultaneous measurements of both the particles and fluid (water) were conducted in particle-laden two phase open channel flows by means of a discriminator particle-tracking velocimetry. The mean velocity and turbulence characteristics for fluid and particles each were examined in comparison with those in clear-water (particle-free) flow, together with previous existing data measured by laser Doppler anemometer and phase Doppler anemometer. The relative velocity and the turbulence modulation, which are the most important topics in two phase-flow approach, were revealed by varying the particle diameter and specific density. The fluid-sweeps are more contributory to the motion of particles than the fluid ejections in the near-wall region. In turn, the particle-sweeps transport the high momentum to the carrier fluid and enhance the turbulence intensities of fluid.