低压富气乙烷回收工艺改进

目的国内油田伴生气乙烷回收均采用液相过冷工艺(LSP),解决该工艺在乙烷回收运行工况中存在的能耗较高、回收率较低的问题。 方法基于LSP工艺流程和气相过冷、气液相混合过冷的原理,提出气液两相过冷改进工艺(GLSP)、原料气分流过冷工艺(FGSP),并进行工艺流程对比分析,重点研究改进工艺的特性和对原料气中CO₂的适应性。 结果①GLSP工艺适用于外输气压力低的油田伴生气乙烷回收,具有乙烷回收率高、CO₂适应性强(CO₂摩尔分数为0.5%~2.5%)等特点;②GLSP工艺流程最优增压压力范围为4.0~4.5 MPa,乙烷回收率不宜超过95%;③在原料气中CO₂含量相同的条件下,随着气质变富,脱甲烷塔控制CO₂冻堵的能力不断增强;④在同一气质条件下,装置总能耗随着原料气中CO₂含量的增加而增大。 结论提出的改进工艺提高了乙烷回收率,确定了最优增压范围,并提高了对原料气中CO₂的适应性,为实际低压富气乙烷回收装置设计提供参考。      

COM服务器的伪异步技术及其实现

COM组件技术在Windows操作系统中发挥了极其重要的作用，但标准COM组件技术在实时操作性上不尽完善。作为补充可以用COM连接点技术和多线程技术来构造一种伪异步技术。本文详细描述了其实现原理．并根据技术细节提供了解决方案。     

事故氯处理装置的改进

山东华阳农药化工集团氯碱厂烧碱生产装置扩能的同时,事故氯处理装置由石灰水吸收事故氯改造为碱液吸收。改造后高效、安全、环保。     

Interfacial Oxides Evolution of High-Speed Steel Joints by Hot-Compression Bonding

The interfacial oxidation behavior of Cr4 Mo4 V high-speed steel(HSS) joints undergoing hot-compression bonding was investigated by using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).In the heating and holding processes,dispersed rod-like and granular δ-Al₂ O₃ oxides were formed at the interface and in the matrix near the interface due to the selective oxidation and internal oxidation of Al,while irregular Si-Al-O compou...     

A proposed approach for setup time reduction through integrating conventional SMED method with multiple criteria decision-making techniques

Short setup time is an essential element for the effective implementation of many lean pillars, i.e., JIT, and Kanban. Most of the current setup reduction methodologies are based on Shingo’s Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) that suggests the conversion of internal setup operations to external operations. However, the conventional SMED approach – as proposed by Shingo – does not possess a systematic approach to accomplish this conversion. Thus, a new approach is proposed in order to aid the process engineers in implementing SMED. The proposed approach is based on the conventional SMED, but also it incorporates Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Techniques (MCDM) to the third implementation phase. The MCDM techniques used in this work are Analytical Hierarchal Process (AHP), Preference Selection Index (PSI) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The proposed approach provides a systematic procedure for selecting the best setup technique among the available alternatives, and takes also into consideration other factors that affect the decision-making process; including: cost, energy, facility layout, safety, life, quality and maintenance. A real example of PVC industry is used to exemplify the approach. The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach in setup time reduction, which in turn will improve machines’ utilization, and increase the productivity and flexibility of the whole facility.     

From defects creation to circuit reliability - A bottom-up approach (invited)

This paper presents a theoretical framework about interface states creation rate from Si-H bonds at the Si/SiO₂ interface. It includes three mains ways of bond breaking. In the first case, the bond can be broken thanks to the bond ground state rising with an electrical field. In the two others cases, incident carriers will play the main role either if there are very energetic or very numerous but less energetic. This concept allows us physically modeling the reliability of MOSFET transistors, and particularly NBTI permanent part, and Channel Hot Carrier (CHC) to Cold Carrier (CCC) damage. Finally, the translation of these physical models into reliability spice models is discussed. These models pave the way to Design-in Reliability (DiR) approach which seeks to provide a quantitative assessment of reliability - CMOS device reliability in this case - at design stage thereby enabling judicious margins to be taken beforehand.     

高负载环境下基于Linux系统的防火墙软中断性能改善研究

当网络负载增大到一定程度后,基于Linux防火墙的数据转发性能开始下降。最常见的瓶颈是系统软中断在单一CPU上耗用达到100％。本文对这一问题进行了分析并提出了一种易于实现且性能改善明显的解决方案。     

论“6S管理”要旨与实施

系统阐明了“6S管理”在建设一流生产经营现场方面的重大现实意义、理论基础和管理对象,详尽论述了其实施的五大步骤和进一步巩固提高应注意的事项,为建设高质量的生产经营现场,打下了坚实的理论基础和提供了实际操作上的指导。     

Knobology in use: an experimental evaluation of ergonomics recommendations

The scientific basis for ergonomics recommendations for controls has usually not been related to active goal-directed use. The present experiment tests how different knob sizes and torques affect operator performance. The task employed is to control a pointer by the use of a control knob, and is as such an experimentally defined goal-directed task relevant to machine systems in general. Duration of use, error associated with use (overshooting of the goal area) and movement reproduction were used as performance measures. Significant differences between knob sizes were found for movement reproduction. High torques led to less overshooting as opposed to low torques. The results from duration of use showed a tendency that the differences between knob sizes were reduced from the first iteration to the second iteration. The present results indicate that the ergonomically recommended ranges of knob sizes might differently affect operator performance.     

Coating of TiB2 dispersed Ti50Ni50 superelastic alloy layer onto Ti-6Al-4V alloy by spark and resistance sintering

The spark and resistance sintering (SRS) of a mixture of Ti, Ni, and TiB₂ powders was carried out to form a TiB₂ dispersed TiNi alloy layer onto a Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate. The strength and delamination resistance of the surface layer were evaluated by three-point bending tests. The results showed that the bending strength of the specimen with the TiNi alloy surface layer without TiB₂ particles sintered at 1273 K was low because the crack initiation occurred at an early stage of loading in a thick interface layer containing brittle Ti-Ti₂Ni eutectic. By decreasing the sintering temperature to 1200 K, the bending strength increased and the crack initiation occurred from the surface because the interface layer was thin and did not contain the brittle Ti-Ti₂Ni eutectic. For the specimens with TiB₂ dispersed TiNi surface layer that was sintered at 1273 K, the bending strength was larger than that of the specimens with TiNi surface layer because the interface layer does not contain the Ti-Ti₂Ni eutectic and compressive residual stress generated in the surface layer during cooling process after SRS suppresses the crack initiation on the surface. The coating of TiB₂ dispersed TiNi alloy onto titanium alloys by SRS provides strong interface to prevent delamination of the surface layer, strong surface due to residual compressive stress, and wear-resistant surface due to the existence of hard TiB₂ particles and superelastic deformation of TiNi matrix.