退火对直流磁控溅射铬膜附着性的影响

为了利用铬膜改善锆的抗腐蚀性，研究了退火对Zr-2基体上制备的直流磁控溅射铬膜附着性的影响，使用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了界面形貌及锆，铬的界面的分布，用X－射线衍射仪（XRD）分析了膜层的组成，用划痕法测定了铬膜的附着，结果表明，锆／铬界面结合良好，边界可见；与现有文献比较，获得的铬膜附着性好――均超过20N；溅射后退火使Zr-Cr界面更像扩散界面，但X－射线衍射结果未发现有界面反应产物；退火提高铬膜与Zr-2基体的附着性约50％，扩散际着附着性增加的主要因素。     

Stress intensity factors for an interfacial crack between an orthotropic half-plane bonded to a dissimilar orthotropic layer with a punch

The plane strain problem of determining Stress Intensity Factors (SIF) for a moving interfacial Griffith crack between an elastic orthotropic half-plane and a dissimilar orthotropic layer with a moving punch situated along the boundary of the layer have been considered. The problem is reduced to the solution of three simultaneous singular integral equations with Cauchy-type singularities. Expressions for SIF for the case of a general loading are obtained. Numerical results for some particular cases are also presented graphically.     

Advances in micro assembly injection moulding for use in medical systems

In micro systems technology, the process of micro assembly injection moulding is used for the generation of hybrid micro systems. With this process, more functions are integrated in less space. In the field of medical technology, miniaturisation also means new methods of treatment with fewer side effects on the patient. New cures are developed by the miniaturisation of medical instruments, such as keyhole surgery. For detailed investigations a specific demonstration was developed to display the potential of micro assembly injection moulding in medical science. This part consists of a carbon-fibre reinforced PEEK puncture needle, which incorporates three lumens. The selected materials allow use of the needle during magnetic resonance imaging. In order to attach additional equipment a plastic connector needs to be overmoulded on the needle. The investigations focus on the injection moulding process by characterising the influences of temperature, moulding parameters and material combinations on the resulting bond strength between needle and connector.     

钢渗铬层上金刚石薄膜的表面、界面结构及附着性

在钢渗铬层表面用化学气相沉积(CVD))法制备了金刚石薄膜.使用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和压痕法研究了金刚石膜的表面、界面结构及附着力.用拉曼光谱分析了金刚石膜的纯度及非金刚石碳相.甲烷含量超过0.6%(体积分数)后,金刚石膜为球形纳米晶,形核密度＞107cm-2.用甲烷含量为0.6%(体积分数)沉积的金刚石膜表面的残余压应力为1.22 Gpa,而膜背面的残余压应力更高,达2.61 Gpa.压痕显示在19.6 N载荷下膜发生开裂.TEM观察发现,膜/基界面为微观非平面,有利于提高金刚石膜的附着力.     

Interfacial Oxides Evolution of High-Speed Steel Joints by Hot-Compression Bonding

The interfacial oxidation behavior of Cr4 Mo4 V high-speed steel(HSS) joints undergoing hot-compression bonding was investigated by using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).In the heating and holding processes,dispersed rod-like and granular δ-Al₂ O₃ oxides were formed at the interface and in the matrix near the interface due to the selective oxidation and internal oxidation of Al,while irregular Si-Al-O compou...     

压差卡钻新模型的建立与分析

压差卡钻的准确预测对于预防和减少钻井过程中卡钻事故的发生具有重要意义,目前的压差卡钻模型缺乏对钻井液泥饼与井壁压力关系的研究,模型不完善。在前人研究的基础上,根据钻井液泥饼的性质,结合压差、钻具与井壁的封闭接触面三因素建立压差卡钻预测新模型。通过压差卡钻机理分析和实例计算表明,钻井液在井壁上所形成的内泥饼与外泥饼的渗透率越接近,井壁处的压力越高,有利于预防压差卡钻的发生;如果外泥饼的质量越好,泥饼薄且耐压缩性好,发生压差卡钻后,所产生的黏附力就越小,也易解除,从而真正预防压差卡钻的发生。该研究为现场预防压差卡钻事故和钻井液设计提供了理论指导。      

原油/碱水相互作用热力学

从化学平衡、相平衡原理和Gouy-Chapman扩散双电层理论建立了原油/碱水体系表面活性剂的吸附等温式和界面张力及界面电势方程。测定了大港油田羊三木原油与碱水的界面张力和Zeta电位。结果表明,原油/碱水界面表面活性剂的吸附量虽随水相中NaOH和NaCl浓度而变化,但本质上取决于水相中就地生成的表面活性剂的吸附自由能和表面活性阴离子与其反离子的活度积。碱水中加入NaCl可在低碱浓度时大大促进界面吸附但使界面电势显著下降。理论预测结果与实验结果较为符合。     

Optimization of black oxide coating thickness as an adhesion promoter for copper substrate in plastic integrated-circuit packages

Copper-oxide coating applied onto the copper substrate has emerged as an alternative to metallic coatings to improve adhesion with polymeric adhesives and molding compounds. The interfacial-bond strengths between the black oxide-coated Cu substrate and epoxy-based, glob-top resin were measured in button-shear tests, and the failure mechanisms were identified from the fracture-surface examination. The emphasis was to establish the correlation between the coating thickness, the surface roughness, and the interfacial adhesion with respect to treatment time. It was found that at the initial stage of treatment a thin layer of flat, cuprous oxide developed, above which fibrillar-cupric oxide was formed with further treatment until saturation with densified fibrils at about 150 sec. The interfacial-bond strength between the oxide-coated copper substrate and glob-top resin increased gradually with increasing treatment time, until the bond strength reached a plateau constant after a treatment for about 150 sec. There was a functional similarity between the oxide thickness, the surface roughness, and the interface-bond strength with respect to treatment time. A treatment time of 150 sec is considered an optimal condition that can impart the highest interface adhesion.     

页岩气井水泥环完整性研究

四川盆地内的几个国家级页岩气示范区气井环空带压、套管变形等问题较为突出。为此,通过分析页岩气钻完井过程井筒内压力变化的条件,建立了计算井筒压力变化全过程的应力—应变状态下的套管—水泥环—围岩体系弹塑性力学模型,应用该模型分析了变内压下第一界面、第二界面微环隙的产生和发展,进而结合实际现场数据进行计算。结果表明:(1)加载过程不会产生微环隙,但加载内压的大小决定了水泥环塑性变形的程度;(2)卸载时内压的降低将导致界面受拉,从而产生微环隙,破坏水泥环的完整性;(3)可以通过优选水泥浆配方,提高水泥环力学性能,结合施工工艺措施优化来保障页岩气井水泥环完整性。13口井的现场试验应用结果表明,水平段固井质量平均优质率达92.67%,其中已投产的11口井均未出现环空带压,有效地改善了页岩气示范区的气井环空带压问题。该项研究成果可为同类区块固井水泥环完整性管理提供帮助。