Inhibition of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Synthesis Decreases Growth Rate and Membrane Fluidity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae</Emphasis> at Low Temperature

The intention of this study was to investigate the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cold adaptation of Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae YM25235 by knockout of the Δ¹²/Δ¹⁵-fatty acid desaturase gene (RKD12) to inactivate Δ¹²/Δ¹⁵-fatty acid desaturase. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used to detect the genomic structure of RKD12 gene in YM25235. The RKD12 gene was knocked out by DNA homologous recombination to inhibit the biosynthesis of PUFA. Then, the contents of linoleic acid (LNA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) after gene knockout were investigated using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, followed by determination of the growth rate and membrane fluidity of YM25235 at low temperature. After PCR amplification, a 1611 bp genomic fragment was amplified from YM25235. When the RKD12 gene was knocked out, the contents of LNA and ALA in YM25235 significantly decreased. The growth rate and membrane fluidity of YM25235 decreased significantly at low temperature. Inhibition of PUFA biosynthesis by RKD12 gene knockout influenced cold adaptation of YM25235 by decreasing the PUFA content in cell membranes and reducing the growth rate and membrane fluidity of YM25235 at low temperature.     

附红细胞体感染小鼠CD4~+ T淋巴细胞相关因子的检测

目的动态检测小鼠感染附红细胞体后CD4+T淋巴细胞相关细胞因子的变化情况,探讨CD4+T淋巴细胞发挥的免疫学效应。方法将小鼠随机分为实验组(纯化的附红细胞体)和对照组(生理盐水),均经腹腔免疫接种,0.5 ml/只。分别于感染后第3、5、7、9 d,经小鼠尾尖采血,镜下观察附红细胞体形态并进行PCR鉴定。建模成功后,分别于感染后第3、5、7、9 d无菌取小鼠脾脏,采用RT-PCR法检测小鼠脾脏中IL-4、IL-17、IFNγ基因的转录水平。结果各时间点感染小鼠的红细胞均出现不同程度的变形,边缘被附红体附着,PCR扩增产物可见602 bp的特异条带。实验组小鼠脾脏IL-4、IL-17、IFNγ均有不同程度的表达,IL-17在感染在第3天上调,5 d达到高峰,7 d开始下降;IFNγ在感染第3天表达上调,5 d明显下降,7 d表达上升,9 d达到高峰;IL-4始终处于低表达状态。实验组小鼠脾脏IL-4、IL-17、IFNγ的转录水平均高于对照组(P<0.01),IL-17和IFNγ的表达呈相互抑制状态,IL-4呈被抑制状态。结论附红细胞体感染后,IL-17在早期发挥了促进炎症发生和抵抗感染的免疫学作用;IFNγ在感染后期发挥保护炎性反应,避免炎性反应过度发生的免疫学效应;IL-4在此感染过程中作用不明显。     

SEPARATION OF STABLE NITROGEN ISOTOPES BY ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT

The ion exchange chromatography technique was used for the enrichment of nitrogen 15 (¹⁵N). A set of columns filled with the ion exchange resin Wofatit KPS (medium porosity type) with 5.4?cm I.D. and 1.5?m height was set up. Ammonia NH₄ ⁺/NH₃ aq. was chosen as the isotopic exchange system. The ammonium bands formed in the columns were eluted by a solution of sodium hydroxide. The isotope separation factor, ?, was found to decrease with increasing temperature or ammonia concentration. Operational conditions of temperature and ammonium concentration were proposed as the optimum for the production of the enriched isotope by using the present process. Results showed that: (1) the rear part of the band is enriched in ¹⁵N, while the frontal part is depleted; (2) it is possible to obtain 7.6?at. % of ¹⁵N after a 60?m displacement of the ammonium band. The analytical determination of the samples was made by emission spectrometry (NOI-6E).     

Batch and fixed‐bed column adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution onto functionalised SBA‐15 mesoporous silica

Functionalised SBA‐15 mesoporous silica with polyamidoamine groups (PAMAM‐SBA‐15) was successfully prepared with the structure characterised by X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analysis. PAMAM‐SBA‐15 was applied as adsorbent for Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions removal from aqueous solution. The effects of the solution pH, adsorbent dosage and metal ion concentration were studied under the batch mode. The Langmuir model was fitted favourably to the experimental data. The maximum sorptive capacities were determined to be 1.74 mmol g^?1 for Cu(II), 1.16 mmol g^?1 for Pb(II) and 0.97 mmol g^?1 for Cd(II). The overall sorption process was fast and its kinetics was fitted well to a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. The mean free energy of sorption, calculated from the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm, indicated that the sorption of lead and copper, with E > 16 kJ mol^?1, followed the sorption mechanism by particle diffusion. The adsorbent could be regenerated three times without significant varying its sorption capacity. A series of column tests were performed to determine the breakthrough curves with varying bed heights and flow rates. The breakthrough data gave a good fit to the Thomas model. Maximum sorption capacity of 1.6, 1.3 and 1.0 mmol g^?1 were found for Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively, at flow rate of 0.4 mL min^?1 and bed height of 8 cm, which corresponds to 83%, 75% and 73% of metallic ion removal, respectively, which very close to the value determined in the batch process. Bed depth service time model could describe the breakthrough data from the column experiments properly. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Thermoplastic Sizing of Carbon Fibres in High Temperature Polyimide Composites

Thermoplastic sizing of various carbon fibres has been evaluated as a means of controlling the microcracking resistance, transflexural strength (TFS), and thermo-oxidative stability (TOS) of PMR-15 matrix composites. Four different fibre/thermoplastic size combinations were selected for this study, based on their higher TOS than appropriate controls. Data are presented for the transverse microcrack (TVM) density/inch, and the subsequent delamination of [0,90]_4s laminates induced by thermal cycling (-196 to 350°C for 20 cycles). Results for composite TFS, conditioned TFS (after heating in air at 350°C), and TOS (350°C and 316°C) are also reported. One fibre/thermoplastic size combination gave both good microcracking resistance, and significantly improved TOS, in composite when compared with current commercially-available material.     

Catalytic Activity of Cu/SBA‐15 for Peroxidation of Pyridine Bearing Wastewater at Atmospheric Condition

In this study, Cu‐loaded Santa Barbara amorphous (SBA)‐15 catalysts were synthesized by impregnation method and further used for catalytic wet peroxidation (CWPO) of pyridine from aqueous solution using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The synthesized catalysts have been characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area: temperature‐programmed reduction, H₂‐chemisorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Characterization results indicate good dispersion of Cu species inside the porous structure of SBA‐15. The effect of various parameters such as Cu loading on SBA‐15, pH, catalyst dose, H₂O₂ concentration, and temperature have been studied for their effect on CWPO of pyridine. More than 97% pyridine removal and 92% total organic carbon removal was achieved at optimum condition. Cu/SBA‐15 showed stable performance during reuse for six cycles with negligible copper leaching. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2577–2586, 2013     

KOH／SBA-15负载型固体碱催化剂的合成、表征及催化性能

采用后合成法制备出固体碱催化剂KOH／SBA-15,利用X射线衍射法（XRD）、N2吸附-脱附（BET）、透射电镜（TEM）、化学吸附剂表面碱性测定（COz—TPD）等对其进行表征。考察了其在大豆油酯交换反应制备生物柴油中的催化性能。结果表明,在相同反应条件下,与CaO／SBA-15和MgO／SBA-15相比,KOH／SBA-15在催化活性和孔扩散上都具有较大的优越性,催化制备生物柴油产率最高（83．56％）。     

Lipoxygenase Products in the Urine Correlate with Renal Function and Body Temperature but not with Acute Transplant Rejection

Acute transplant rejection is the leading cause of graft loss in the first months after kidney transplantation. Lipoxygenase products mediate pro- and anti-inflammatory actions and thus we aimed to correlate the histological reports of renal transplant biopsies with urinary lipoxygenase products concentrations to evaluate their role as a diagnostic marker. This study included a total of 34 kidney transplant recipients: 17 with an acute transplant rejection and 17 controls. LTE4, LTB4, 12-HETE and 15-HETE concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Urinary lipoxygenase product concentrations were not significantly changed during an acute allograft rejection. Nevertheless, LTB4 concentrations correlated significantly with the body temperature (P ≤ 0.05) 3 months after transplantation, and 12- and 15-HETE concentrations correlated significantly with renal function (P ≤ 0.05) 2 weeks after transplantation. In conclusion, our data show a correlation for LTB4 with the body temperature 3 months after transplantation and urinary 12- and 15-HETE concentrations correlate positively with elevated serum creatinine concentrations but do not predict acute allograft rejection.     

原位法制备磷钨酸/SBA-15催化剂及其催化性能

用原位合成法制备了不同固载量的磷钨酸催化剂HPW/SBA-15,通过FTIR、TEM、XRD、31PNMR及N2-吸附脱附等方法对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,在低固载量时,原位法制备的催化剂保持了SBA-15材料的长程有序结构,并且随着固载量的提高,孔径、比表面积等均有所下降;固载量达到33.3%时,SBA-15材料的长程有序结构遭到一定的破坏;在载体孔壁中高度分散的磷钨酸仍然保持了Keggin特征结构,且与SBA-15材料的表面羟基存在一定的化学相互作用。对苹果酯合成的催化性能研究表明,乙酰乙酸乙酯的转化率可以达到87%以上,催化剂使用6次后,催化活性仍保持在85%。     

介孔材料SBA-15固定化脂肪酶的研究进展

介孔材料由于其孔道分布有序且孔径均匀等优点而在固定化酶催化领域引起人们的广泛关注.本文综述了新型介孔材料SBA-15对脂肪酶固定化的研究进展.总结了SBA-15的孔径大小、形貌及等电点等因素对脂肪酶固定化的影响.归纳了SBA-15上三种不同固定化方法的优缺点,并介绍了SBA-15固定化脂肪酶在手性拆分、酯水解、酯合成及转醇化反应等领域的应用.最后提出SBA-15固定化脂肪酶在发展过程中存在的问题以及今后的发展趋势.