冻结站中盐水流量和温度的模糊解耦控制

针对现有冻结站盐水流量和温度控制方法存在控制精度低的问题,提出了一种盐水流量和温度的模糊解耦控制方法。首先根据盐水流量和温度控制精度的不同,采用模糊控制法对流量和温度进行模糊控制;然后分析和研究盐水流量和温度间的耦合关系,采用解耦控制法对模糊控制输出的流量和温度进行解耦控制。仿真结果表明,该控制方法无需对盐水流量和温度建立精确数学模型,可实现盐水流量和温度的解耦控制,控制精度高。     

Continuous ethanol production from wood hydrolysate by chemostat and total cell retention culture

Chemostat and total cell retention cultures with internal filter system ofSaecharomyc.es cerevisiae H1-7 were carried out to produce ethanol from wood hydrolysate. Maximum ethanol productivity obtained in a chemostat with the aeration rate of 1 vvm was 3.79 g/(L·h). This was 20% higher than that in a chemostat without aeration. However, the substrate was not completely consumed at the dilution rate with the maximum productivity. The realistic productivity, which has higher than 99% conversion rate of substrate, was. 2.95 g/(L·h). The maximum productivity in the total cell retention culture was 6.65 g/(L·h) at the dilution rate of 0.19 h¹ and the residual glucose concentration was negligible.     

基于逆向解耦的BTU协调系统内模控制设计

针对火电单元机组协调系统的多变量强耦合特点,提出一种基于内模控制器与解耦器一体化思想的内模解耦控制方法.区别于一般的多变量内模控制,将解耦技术与内模控制相结合,同时具有解耦器和内模控制器的特性.首先根据相对增益系数矩阵选择控制主通道,然后通过基于逆向解耦的原理设计控制器,其计算过程简单并且适用于高阶对象.最后以300MW单元机组为控制对象,在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下,仿真并验证了控制器在不同工况下均可以实现较好的控制品质,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

Complex patterns of phosphorus delivery in the Lake of the Woods watershed

Lake of the Woods (LoW) is a large, transboundary lake that continues to experience harmful algal blooms despite large declines in phosphorus (P) inputs from point sources. Tributary runoff is considered the largest source of P to the lake; however, there are few monitoring data within the Canadian portion of the basin (～60% of total area), to guide management. To address this gap, we monitored five rivers of contrasting land use within the lower Rainy River region, an acknowledged “hot spot” of P delivery in the basin. Total P (TP) concentrations were consistently high at all five rivers (volume-weighted range: 19–215 μg/l) despite differences in agriculture across sites (7–27%), suggesting ‘natural’ background P levels are high in this landscape. Furthermore, TP concentrations were strongly correlated with total suspended sediment and geogenic metals, iron (Fe) and aluminum, and TP was especially high during events (>400 μg/l) indicating erosion is an important source of P delivery. However, equally high TP and Fe during periods of slow, stagnant flow in the summer and under winter ice suggest erosion is not the only source of P. Instead, we suggest redox release of P from streambed sediment is also important. This observation is significant, because internal P release within the tributaries, especially during the summer could ‘seed’ downstream algal blooms. The strong sensitivity of TP to both high and low flow conditions indicates that frequent, all-season, multi-year measurements are needed to understand the mechanisms of P delivery in this basin.     

气体分布器对内循环三相生物流化床反应器动力学性能的影响

通过实验手段,对3种不同分布器下内循环三相流化床反应器内的气含率εg、内循环液速Uc及体积氧传质系数KLa进行了研究.结果表明:除进气量这一直接因素外,分布器孔径及其分布密度是影响气含率的2个主要因素;相同气量下,微孔分布器有助于获得较高气含率,但气孔分布过于密集(陶瓷分布器)则会使气泡在脱离阶段发生聚并增大,导致气含率降低.循环液速Uc在低气量下(Qg＜ 260 L/h)主要由升降流区的气含率差△εg控制,高气量下则由△εg和回路阻力共同控制;相同气量下,不同分布器对应的循环液速Uc则主要取决于气含率差△εg,分布器对应的△εg较大,其Uc也相应较高.体积氧传质系数KLa随进气量增加而增大,其中主要贡献是气含率增大导致的比表面积a增大;相同气量下,分布器对应的气含率较高,其KLa也相应较高.     

油基钻井液组分对体系沉降性能的影响

研究了油基钻井液组分对其沉降稳定性能的影响。结果表明,基液类型、油水体积比、内相盐种类、加重材料粒径大小和种类会对油基钻井液的沉降稳定性能产生影响。静态沉降条件下基液黏度越大,体系油水体积比越小,体系沉降稳定性能越好。以NH4Ca(NO3)3为内相的油基钻井液体系沉降稳定性能优于甲酸盐、氯化钙和氯化钠内相钻井液体系。加重材料颗粒的粒径越小,沉降稳定性能越好,动态剪切和静态沉降条件下Mn3O4为加重材料的油基钻井液沉降稳定性能都优于其他加重材料体系。     

新乡市土地流转问题研究

新乡市政府于2009年发布了《河南省新乡市人民政府关于推进农村土地承包经营权流转的意见》。但从近年落实情况看,还存在流转方式与依托主体较单一,擅自改变土地农业用途的现象,土地流转信息渠道尚未通畅,农业尚未形成规模效应,农业风险防范体系尚未完善等问题。为此,既要鼓励大胆实践,也要加强监管,完善市场机制和保障措施。     

冷热源空间位置对水系统循环的影响

通过供暖水系统和空调冷热水系统的实例计算,将重力循环压力、冷热源在系统中的位置及系统的质调节与量调节结合在一起进行分析.结果表明,冷热源的空间位置影响重力循环的形成和水循环方向;在系统质、量调节运行中,因冷热源的空间位置的不同,重力循环压力对管网系统垂直失调产生较大影响.     

进水口前立轴旋涡的数值模拟及消涡措施分析

原设计方案试验发现溢洪道进口产生串通旋涡,为消除有害旋涡,在环形堰口对称布置3个防涡墩,结果表明消涡效果良好,可有效降低堰上水位,增大流量系数。采用RNG k-ε紊流模型对有无防涡墩两种情况进行模拟,再现了漏斗状吸气旋涡,计算结果与测量数据吻合良好,验证了旋涡模拟的可行性。从环量的角度分析了防涡墩的消涡作用,发现旋涡的形成存在一个环量随时间递增的过程,而防涡墩的设置可大幅度减小水流环量。对旋涡稳定时水面环量和涡量的变化规律也进行了分析,随着半径的增大,环量相应增大,涡量则减小。     

Fault diagnosis of internal combustion engines using visual dot patterns of acoustic and vibration signals

An investigation of the fault diagnosis technique in internal combustion engines based on the visual dot pattern of acoustic and vibration signals is presented in this paper. Acoustic emissions and vibration signals are well known as being able to be used for monitoring the conditions of rotating machineries. Most of the conventional methods for fault diagnosis using acoustic and vibration signals are primarily based on observing the amplitude differences in the time or frequency domain. Unfortunately, the signals caused by damaged elements, such as those buried in broadband background noise or from smearing problems arising in practical applications, particularly at low revolution, are not always available. In the present study, a visual dot pattern technique is proposed to identify the acoustic emission and vibration signals for fault diagnosis in an internal combustion engine and drive axle shaft. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed system for fault diagnosis under various fault conditions. The experimental results indicate that the proposed technique is effective in the fault diagnosis of an internal combustion engine and drive axle shaft.