Ammonia production using iron nitride and water as hydrogen source under mild temperature and pressure

Ammonia generation was studied in the reaction between water and nitrogen-containing iron at 323 K and atmospheric pressure. Similar to metallic Fe, the interstitial compound Fe₃N reduced water through Fe oxidation to produce hydrogen gas, while the N combined with atomic hydrogen to produce ammonia as a byproduct. The addition of carbon dioxide to this system accelerated the reaction with concomitant consumption of carbon dioxide. The promoted ammonia production upon addition of carbon dioxide can be attributed to the generation of atomic hydrogen from the redox reaction of carbonic acid and Fe, as well as removal of used Fe from the reaction system through the formation of a soluble carbonato complex. When carbonate was added to the reaction system, the production rates of ammonia and hydrogen increased further. The results here confirmed that ammonia can be synthesized from iron nitride under mild conditions by utilizing carbon dioxide.     

Optical and electrochemical characteristics of sol–gel deposited iron oxide films

Homogenous, crack free iron oxide films are prepared by the sol–gel spin coating technique from a solution of iron iso-propoxide and isopropanol. The films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). XRD of the films showed that they had an amorphous structure. The optical constants refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) were measured by scanning spectrometer in the wavelength range of 390–990 nm. The n and k values were found n =2.3±0.01 and k =0.2±0.002 at 650 nm. The electrochemical behavior investigated in 0.5 M LiClO₄ propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte-CV examinations showed good rechargeability of the Li⁺/e⁻ insertion extraction process beyond 300 cycles. Spectroelectrochemistry showed that these films exhibit weak cathodic coloration in the spectral range of 350–800 nm.     

In situ 2D mapping of hydrogen entry into an Fe sheet under a droplet of NaCl solution using a hydrogenochromic sensor

The distribution of hydrogen entering an Fe sheet under a droplet of NaCl solution was successfully visualized using a hydrogenochromic sensor consisting of a polyaniline layer and a Ni intermediate layer. At the initial stage of corrosion, the hydrogen entry was barely confirmed. The hydrogen entry was observed as the corrosion proceeded, and the preferential hydrogen entry site corresponded to the rust-formed area. It was postulated that the hydrogen entry is promoted by the decrease in pH due to the hydrolysis reactions of Fe ions under the rust. The hydrogenochromic sensor paves the way for the visualization of the hydrogen entry into metals under corrosion conditions.     

Application Of Superconducting High Gradient Magnetic Separation Technology On Silica Extraction From Iron Ore Beneficiation Tailings

Comprehensive utilization of tailings resources not only solves environmental problems but also creates huge economic benefits. In this paper, fine weakly magnetic particles were extracted from iron ore beneficiation tailings and silica (SiO₂) was separated and purified using a superconducting high gradient magnetic separator. Based on plenty of contrast experiments, SiO₂ content of the magnetic concentrate could be increased from 68.67% to 92.57% with the selected optimal parameter combination, i.e., a magnetic flux density of 3.2 T, a pulp concentration of 40 g/L and a slurry flow velocity of 500 mL/min. The concentrate can be utilized as low-grade normal SiO₂ sands for industrial use, or act as the raw materials for preparing high-purity SiO₂ product.     

Surface spin polarization in Fe(1 1 0) and Ni(1 1 0)

The magnetism of Ni(1 1 0) and Fe(1 1 0) surfaces was investigated by electron capture spectroscopy. He⁺ and He²⁺ ions impinged on the Fe(1 1 0) and Ni(1 1 0) surfaces under grazing incidence, and the degree of polarization of the light emitted by the neutralized projectiles was analyzed. Our measurements show that in Ni(1 1 0) minority electrons have a higher density of states at the Fermi energy than majority electrons, opposed to the Fe(1 1 0) case. From a comparison of our measurements we estimate the ratio between captured minority and majority electrons in Ni(1 1 0) to be similar as the ratio between captured majority and minority electrons in Fe(1 1 0).     

天然铁锰氧化物负载金银规律性研究

铁锰氧化物由于其胶体成因特征,在自然体系中是多种有价金属,如金、银、铜、镍、钴、钨、锡、铅等的载体矿物。褐铁矿和硬锰矿等天然铁锰复合氧化矿物所负载的有价金属具有相当的复杂性,难以用物理方法解离或暴露于表面而被浸出,这些有价金属的回收提取一直是选冶技术共性难题。以云南北衙铁金多金属矿氧化带矿石为研究对象,采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、自动定量分析(MLA)、激光烧蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析测试手段研究了天然铁锰氧化矿物负载金、银的差异和规律性。研究结果表明,该矿石中金、银的赋存状态具有多样化的特征,矿石中79%的金为游离金,以明金形式存在于褐铁矿的溶蚀孔洞中,褐铁矿中金粒结晶后边缘形成或大或小至极微细收缩孔隙,这些溶蚀孔及结晶收缩孔为氰化浸出金银提供过液通道。矿石中82%的银赋存于硬锰矿中,这部分银主要进入硬锰矿晶格中的大尺度隧道结构中,少数银以螺状硫银矿形式存在于褐铁矿溶蚀孔洞中。为此,北衙氧化矿的选冶研究摒弃金细则细磨的常规思维,根据矿物磁性和金、银赋存状态差异,提出分流分选新理念,在粗磨条件下,分出磁铁精矿、褐铁精矿和非磁三股矿物流,在富银含锰的褐铁精矿中采用弱酸体系中选择性还原解离硬锰矿中银,在控制pH值抑制褐铁矿溶解的前提下,还原释放锰矿物晶体结构中的银离子,实现银的化学解离。该研究成果揭示了氧化带金、银的赋存规律,成因机制以及影响金、银冶金提取的深层次的矿物学因素,为氧化矿金银的选冶研究提供了理论依据。     

Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide derived catalysts for non-plasma and DBD plasma-assisted CO2 methanation

A series of bi-metallic layered double hydroxide derived materials, containing a fixed amount of Ni promoted with various amounts of Fe were obtained by co-precipitation. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of CO₂ (CO₂-TPD), elemental analysis and low temperature N₂ sorption and tested as catalysts in CO₂ methanation at atmospheric pressure. The obtained results confirmed the formation of mixed nano-oxides after thermal decomposition of the precursor and suggest successful introduction of both nickel and iron into the layers of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs). The introduction of Fe into the layered double hydroxides changed the interaction between Ni and supports matrix as proven by temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The introduction of low amount of iron influenced positively the catalytic activity in CO₂ methanation at 250 °C, with CO₂ conversion increasing from 21% to 72% with CH₄ selectivity ranging from 97 to 99% at 250 °C. No other products, except CH₄ and CO were registered during the experiments. In order to enhance the catalytic activity a non-thermal plasma created by dielectric barrier discharge was applied. The obtained results prove that plasma could replace the need of heating the reactor in a dynamic system working temporarily when excess energy is available.     

酵母富铁发酵条件的研究

通过对636酿酒酵母进行驯化,得到耐铁能力强,富铁率高的驯化菌株。对选出富铁能力强的酵母在28℃下培养24h,从碳源、氮源、Vc、EDTA-2Na、pH、接种量、装液量进行发酵条件优化。在优化条件下,驯化的菌株生物量31．35g／L、铁含量24．22mg／g、总铁含量759.39mg／L、富集率58．76％．     

基于USB的铁精粉在线监测数据通信实现方法

探讨了铁精粉铁品位在线监测的测试原理,给出了基于USB的铁品位在线监测通信系统的实现方案,设计了以STM32F103为核心控制芯片的单片机系统硬件电路,针对不同的传输要求,分别利用USB接口技术、RS485-USB接口技术以及无线USB技术,进行高速、低成本、距离可选的数据传输通信。基于USB2.0版本协议,进行了USB固件编程、驱动程序以及应用程序的开发,采用Visual C#进行计算机控制处理软件的编程及调试,实现了对设备的设置和控制、数据的读写、显示等功能。     

Extensively reared Iberian pigs versus intensively reared white pigs for the manufacture of frankfurters

Physico-chemical characteristics and different quality traits of the raw material (meat and adipose tissue) and the frankfurters elaborated from extensively reared Iberian pigs (IF) and intensively reared white pigs (WF) were evaluated. Hybrid frankfurters (HF) made with meat from white pigs and adipose tissue from Iberian pigs were also studied. The differences found between muscles and adipose tissues from Iberian and white pigs largely influenced the characteristics displayed by the frankfurters. Particularly remarkable are the higher amounts of substances with proven antioxidant activity such as tocopherols and phenolic compounds in tissues from Iberian pigs than in those from white pigs. No significant differences were found amongst frankfurters for their proximate composition though IF presented a higher iron content than WF and HF. IF exhibited a redder and darker colour than WF and HF. The latter were paler and showed higher hue values than IF. Concerning their fatty acid composition, IF had higher proportions of oleic acid and MUFA and smaller proportions of SFA and PUFA than WF. From a nutritional point of view, IF had a lower n-6/n-3 value than WF. The addition of adipose tissue from Iberian pigs to the HF modified its fatty acid composition compared to that of WF, significantly increasing the percentages of MUFA and reducing the proportions of PUFA, SFA and the n-6/n-3 value. Though no significant differences were found amongst frankfurters for their texture profile, a clear trend was detected, with the HF showing intermediate texture characteristics between IF and WF.