鱼明胶在照相乳剂中的应用研究(I)鱼明胶特性分析

对鱼明胶特性分析表明,鱼明胶分子量分布中主要为α组分,γ组分几乎不存在; 其杂质铁含量较高, 且以三价铁占优势, 为总铁量的９５ ％ ;经 Ｄ４１２ 离子交换树脂处理可有效去除杂质铁,同时部分含微量活性硫成分也被去除,离子交换去除 Ｆｅ３ ＋ ／ Ｓ２ Ｏ２ －３ 比例为２∶１ 。推测使用鱼明胶可方便地制备超细颗粒乳剂,但不利于达到较高的感光度。     

Some Transition Metal Salts of 4,6‐Dinitrobenzofuroxan: Synthesis,Characterization and Evaluation of Their Properties

Chromium, Iron and Copper salts of 4,6‐dinitrobenzofuroxan have been prepared by reacting sodium salt of 4,6‐dinitrobenzofuroxan with chromium nitrate nonahydrate, ferric nitrate nonahydrate and cupric nitrate trihydrate, respectively. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, spectral data (IR and NMR) and metal content. Some properties including thermal and explosive behaviour of these compounds have been investigated and reported. Further, these molecules have also been investigated in composite propellants as burn‐rate modifiers. The preliminary data suggest that iron salt of 4,6‐dinitrobenzofuroxan is better than ferric oxide, generally used as a burn‐rate modifier for hydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based composite propellants.     

Studies on reduction of chromium doped iron oxide catalyst using hydrogen and various concentration of carbon monoxide

Chemical reduction behaviour of 3% chromium doped (Cr–Fe₂O₃) and undoped iron oxides (Fe₂O₃) were investigated by using temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The reduced phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The reduction processes were achieved with 10% H₂ in nitrogen (%, v/v), 10% and 20% of carbon monoxide (CO) in nitrogen (%, v/v). In hydrogen atmosphere, the TPR results indicate that the reduction of Cr–Fe₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ proceed in three steps (Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ → FeO → Fe) with Fe₃O₄ and FeO as intermediate states. A complete reduction to metallic iron for both samples occurred at 900 °C. As for CO reductant, the profiles show the reduction of Fe₂O₃ also proceeded in three steps with a complete reduction occurs at 900 °C in 10% CO with no sign of carbide formation. Nevertheless, a 20% CO was able to reduce the completely at lower temperature at 700 °C and there is a formation of iron carbide at 500 °C but the carbide disappeared as the reduction temperature increase. Meanwhile in 10% CO atmosphere, Cr–Fe₂O₃ shows a better reducibility compared to Fe₂O₃ with a complete reduction at 700 °C, which is 200 °C lower than Fe₂O₃. A Cr dopant in the Fe₂O₃ can lead to formation of various forms of iron carbides such as F₂C, Fe₅C₂, Fe₂₃C₆ and Fe₃C as the CO concentration was increased to 20%. The transformation profile of iron phases during carburization follows the following forms, Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ → iron carbides (Fe_xC). The XRD pattern shows the diffraction peaks of Cr–Fe₂O₃ are more intense with improved crystallinity for the characteristic peaks of Fe₂O₃ compare to undoped Fe₂O₃. No visible sign of chromium particles peaks in the XRD spectrum that indicates the Cr particles loaded onto the iron oxide are well dispersed. The uniform dispersion with no sign of sintering effects of the Cr dopant on the Fe₂O₃ was confirmed by FESEM. The study shows that Cr dopant gives a better reducibility of iron oxide but promotes the formation of carbides in an excess CO concentration.     

铝硅系铸造铝合金中的铁相

论述了ZLl08和YL1l3合金中的(FeMn)3Si2Al15球状多面体形态及偏析。铁在铸造铝合金中通常以针状化合物的形态出现在金相组织中，使合金力学性能恶化，加适当比例的锰可以中和铁的有害作用，使之改变成为汉字状、鱼含状、花卉状和球状多面体形态。但(FeMn)3Si2Al15球状多面体，因硬度高，给机械加工带来困难，应使之尽可能均匀分布互数量要少。当铁锰含量偏高时，可采用简单的工艺方法将铁锰含量降至适当的水平，使(FeMn)3Si2Al15相尽可能少。     

石人沟铁矿露天转地下开采生产规模优化

合理确定矿山生产规模是露天转地下开采关键技术问题之一.以石人沟铁矿为研究对象,结合矿山具体情况提出了七个技术上可行的方案.综合考虑技术、经济和社会等因素对石人沟铁矿生产规模的影响,结合矿山实际,从现有规范、规程、标准出发,采用层次分析法与模糊综合评判理论构建了规模优化模型并进行选优,得到矿山露天转地下后地下合理规模为215万t·a^-1.     

高铬铸铁筛板的研究与应用

热烧结矿筛分机筛板使用寿命短的主要原因是筛板材质高温硬度低、高温耐磨性差。为了提高热矿筛的工作效率 ,提出了改进热矿筛筛板材质的必要性 ,并对新筛板材质的化学成分设计、铸造及热处理工艺进行了探讨。研究结果表明 ,新研制的筛板使用安全、可靠 ,使用寿命达到 Cr Mn N筛板的两倍 ,价格与 Cr Mn N筛板相当     

提高模具材料疲劳抗力的途径

疲劳破坏是模具失效的主要形式,为了提高模具的使用寿命,综述了提高模具材料疲劳抗力的多种途径。     

Utilisation of semi-coke as by-product derived from coal-based direct reduction process in iron ore sintering

Solid wastes derived from metallurgical industries have created threats to the environment and their disposal is a major concern for the World. Semi-coke generated in the coal-based direct reduction process of iron ore is a solid waste and its effective utilisation has not been developed so far. In order to develop it properly, the characteristics of this semi-coke have been comprehensively studied and an investigation was carried out into the use of semi-coke as an alternative fuel in iron ore sintering. It is shown that the semi-coke could be substituted for coke breeze without affecting the sintering and metallurgical performances by adjusting its size distribution to offset the adverse effect of its superior combustion properties. In addition, the application of semi-coke in sintering could decrease SO_x and NO_x pollutants by 66 and 25%, respectively, in waste gas compared with coke breeze as solid fuel.     

重质蜡中铁离子含量的测定

通过测量重质蜡中铁离子的含量,来判定铁系催化剂的催化效率。而重质蜡中的铁为高含量铁,实验通过2种方法的对比,探讨高含量铁的测定方法及其理论意义。     

Extraction and Stripping Behavior of Iron (III) from Phosphoric Acid Medium by D2EHPA Alone and Its Mixtures with TBP/TOPO

In the present study an attempt has been made to understand the extraction and stripping behavior of iron (III) with D2EHPA alone and its mixture with TBP or TOPO in phosphoric acid medium. Effect of variables such as concentrations of iron (III), phosphoric acid, and phosphate in the aqueous phase, D2EHPA, TBP, and TOPO concentrations in the organic phase and temperature on the extraction process has been studied. The extraction of iron (III) decreased with increase in phosphoric acid concentration. The increase in D2EHPA concentration increased the extraction of iron (III). The presence of TOPO or TBP with D2EHPA showed antagonism. The increase in temperature decreased the extraction of iron (III) with D2EHPA alone and its mixture with either TOPO or TBP showing the exothermic nature of the extraction reaction. The stripping of iron (III) by various reagents followed the order: oxalic acid > phosphoric acid > hydrochloric acid > sulphuric acid > mixture of sulphuric and hydrofluoric acids > ascorbic acid > citric acid irrespective of extraction systems. Higher temperature favors the stripping. The effect of diluents on iron (III) extraction has also been studied. The mechanism of extraction has been explained in the light of the results obtained.