紫外接枝丙烯酸对PVDF膜表面改性的研究

以二苯甲酮为光引发剂,通过紫外辐照将亲水性单体丙烯酸接枝于聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的表面。考察了光引发剂浓度和辐照时间对接枝率的影响,并利用衰减全反射光谱和扫描电子显微镜对接枝后PVDF膜表面的化学组成和微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明:随着光引发剂浓度的增大,丙烯酸的接枝率先增大后减小。通过纯水接触角和吸水率研究了接枝后的PVDF膜的亲水性,发现接枝后的PVDF膜的亲水性得到明显改善。     

ABS乳液接枝聚合反应中影响接枝率的因素

采用乳液聚合法合成ABS接枝聚合物,通过改变反应过程中聚丁二烯、引发剂和分子量调节剂的用量,改变反应温度及增量反应时间,考察ABS接枝聚合物接枝率的变化。结果表明：在实验范围内,接枝率随着聚丁二烯或分子量调节剂用量的增加迅速减小;随着引发剂用量的增加或增量反应时间的增长而增大;随着反应温度的升高而增大,但变化不大。     

Modification of the optical and structural properties of ZnO nanowires by low-energy Ar+ ion sputtering

The effects of low-energy (≤2 kV) Ar⁺ irradiation on the optical and structural properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) grown by a simple and cost-effective low-temperature technique were investigated. Both photoluminescence spectra from ZnO NW-coated films and cathodoluminescence analysis of individual ZnO NWs demonstrated obvious evidences of ultraviolet/visible luminescent enhancement with respect to irradiation fluence. Annihilation of the thinner ZnO NWs after the ion bombardment was appreciated by means of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which results in an increasing NW mean diameter for increasing irradiation fluences. Corresponding structural analysis by TEM pointed out not only significant changes in the morphology but also in the microstructure of these NWs, revealing certain radiation-sensitive behavior. The possible mechanisms accounting for the decrease of the deep-level emissions in the NWs with the increasing irradiation fluences are discussed according to their structural modifications.     

Wetting and adhesion of water-borne printing inks on surface-modified polyolefins

Polyolefin films were surface-modified by different methods to improve the wetting and adhesion of water-borne printing inks. Polyethylene (PE) films were treated with corona at various energy levels. Surface-modified PE films were characterized by contact angle measurements and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Good wetting was already achieved with treatment at a lower energy level. Various degrees of adhesion were obtained at various degrees of treatment. A hydrophilic monomer, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), was polymerized onto the surfaces of polypropylene (PP) with radiation-induced grafting, which was carried out at two different radiation doses. In both cases, a thick, visible layer of polyHEMA was formed on the surface of PP, and satisfactory wetting was already achieved at lower radiation doses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that different degrees of roughness were achieved at various radiation doses. Like the case of corona-treated PE, different degrees of adhesion were obtained at different degrees of surface treatment. This study shows that improved wetting alone is not satisfactory for good practical adhesion', regardless of the surface modification method used.     

Surface properties of polyethylene grafted with triallyl cyanurate in the presence of an electron beam

The surface energy and thermodynamic work of adhesion of polyethylene grafted with triallyl cyanurate in the presence of an electron beam have been determined. The surface energy increased with the grafting level and with the irradiation dose up to 10 Mrad. A similar trend was observed with the work of adhesion. The changes in these surface properties were correlated with the concentration of the polar groups as measured by IR (infrared) spectroscopy and ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) studies.     

阴离子交换纤维的制备及吸附Cr（VI）性能研究

采用共辐射引发接枝共聚法在聚丙烯纤维上接枝苯乙烯-二乙烯苯,通过氯甲基化反应和胺化反 应制备强碱性阴离子交换纤维。当单体体积分数为20％-25％,辐射剂量率为1.2~1.8 kGy/h时,接枝率 可以控制在150%~250%。当氯甲基化反应温度(38±2)℃,反应时间15~25 h,胺化反应温度(30±2)℃, 反应时间15-20 h时,制备的强碱性阴离子交换纤维交换容量达到3.00 mmol/g以上。将该纤维对Cr(Ⅵ) 进行吸附试验,结果纤维对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附以液膜扩散为主,吸附速度很快,8 min可达到吸附饱和,吸附反应 速率常数为0.015 s-1,静态吸附饱和容量为257.6 mg/g,吸附行为符合Freundlish等温吸附模型。     

聚丙烯纤维接枝苯乙烯的研究

采用化学接枝法以苯乙烯(St)为接枝单体、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,1,2-二乙烯苯(DVB)为交联剂、甲醇和正辛醇为溶剂,对聚丙烯(PP)纤维进行接枝改性。研究了原料配比和反应条件对其接枝的影响。结果表明,PP纤维上接枝St,适宜的原料配比和操作条件为:St质量与PP体积比(St/PP)为4,BPO质量与St体积比(BPO/St)为0.025,DVB与St体积比(DVB/St)为0.025,溶剂与St体积比为5,浸渍24～30h,在85℃恒温水浴中反应6～8h。在较佳条件下可得到导入率为110%-160%的接枝纤维。     

聚烯烃接枝的研究进展

介绍了以过氧化物为中间产物的聚烯烃本体接枝、链转移反应、多单体熔融接枝的进展情况,重点阐述了表面接枝中的化学方法、利用辐照和光照技术对聚烯烃的表面改性、等离子体工艺及相关的聚丙烯表面改性剂。聚烯烃接枝是制备功能性聚烯烃的主要方法,也是高分子与工程材料领域最活跃的研究热点之一。     

聚丁二烯橡胶接枝苯乙烯本体自由基聚合机理

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法和碘值法分析了在热引发和化学引发方式下,低顺式和高顺式聚丁二烯橡胶接枝苯乙烯聚合物的双键结构和含量,确定了橡胶接枝苯乙烯本体自由基聚合机理。结果表明,热引发时,接枝机理主要是自由基夺取橡胶链上α氢原子;而化学引发时,同时存在自由基与橡胶双键加成的机理。橡胶的结构不同导致接枝点的位置差异,在低顺式聚丁二烯橡胶体系中,自由基以夺取反式-1,4-结构和1,2-乙烯基结构为主,而在高顺式聚丁二烯橡胶体系中。自由基以夺取顺式-1,4-结构为主。     

ABS熔融接枝丙烯酸及在无卤阻燃ABS中的应用

以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,在转矩流变仪中进行了丙烯酸(AA)熔融接枝ABS树脂的研究。纯化后样品的红外光谱分析表明,从接枝ABS产物在1720cm^-1处出现了C=O基吸收峰,证实从接枝到了ABS树脂上。研究了单体用量、引发剂用量、螺杆转速和反应温度对接枝率的影响。研究结果表明：控制适当的反应条件可使AA接枝到ABS上的量达1．8％-2．43％。将ABS—g-AA从接枝物应用于ABs／膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)／蒙脱土(MMT)无卤阻燃体系中时发现,复合材料的力学性能得到了有效改善。