小桐子油及其生物柴油在旋流喷嘴中雾化特性数值模拟

为了掌握入射压力对生物质燃油在旋流喷嘴中雾化特性的影响规律,在不同入射压力条件下,采用Fluent数值模拟的方法对小桐子油和小桐子生物柴油进行雾化过程模拟仿真研究。结果表明:使用的旋流雾化喷嘴比普通喷嘴对索特平均直径(D32)有更好的优化效果,内螺旋结构增强了雾化的湍流强度,使得气液两相混合及对雾化液滴的破碎效果更好;在等温条件下,不同入射压力对D32、雾化总表面积、雾化速度、雾化贯穿距影响较大。入射压力越大,D32越小;入射压力越大,雾化总表面积、雾化速度、雾化贯穿距越大。入射压力对D32的影响存在临界值,即小桐子油雾化入射压力达到0.8 MPa、小桐子生物柴油雾化入射压力达到0.7 MPa后,D32趋于稳定,不会随入射压力的增大继续减小;通过曲线拟合及雾滴粒径数量密度分析,得到了不同入射压力距离喷嘴不同位置处轴向D32变化的拟合方程及雾化液滴不同粒径数量密度分布情况。     

小桐子油气相催化裂化制备生物基燃油的试验研究

以小桐子油为原料、HY分子筛为催化剂,在实验室自制小型固定床反应器中开展油脂气相催化裂化的研究,重点考察反应温度及质量空速对小桐子油气相催化裂化效果的影响。结果表明,在原料50 g、催化剂15 g时,气相催化裂化的最佳条件为:反应温度475℃,质量空速6. 99 h-1。在最佳条件下,小桐子油的转化率为54. 36%,液体产物的酸值(KOH)为14. 06 mg/g,液体产物成分多为芳香族化合物。     

高酸值麻疯树油两步法制生物柴油的研究

以获得高酸值麻疯树油的生物柴油工业生产基础技术参数为目的,研究了高酸值麻疯树油的酸碱两步法催化制备生物柴油工艺。结果表明:在65℃、催化剂浓硫酸用量1%、反应120 min、醇油摩尔比9∶1的条件下,高酸值麻疯树油经预酯化处理其酸值从14.85 mg KOH·g-1降至0.41 mg KOH·g-1,满足碱催化的原油酸值要求;Na OH催化酯交换的优化工艺条件为:反应30 min、反应65℃、催化剂用量1%、醇油摩尔比6∶1,在此优化条件下,酯交换率达到90.55%。制备的生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯含量占总组分的98.73%,主要理化性能符合生物柴油标准。     

麻疯树籽粕中皂甙和甾体的提取

以麻疯树籽粕为原料,以乙醇-水做提取剂,采用溶剂浸取法提取麻疯树籽粕中的皂甙和甾体,研究了提取条件对提取率的影响,通过化学法和光谱法对提取物进行定性分析。研究表明提取物为皂甙和甾体,提取最佳条件是麻疯树籽粕和乙醇的质量比约为1:8、乙醇体积分数95%、温度为60℃、浸提时间8h,在该条件下皂甙和甾体的提取率分别为0.397%和0.302%。     

小桐子油脂肪酸聚酯多元醇及聚氨酯泡沫的制备和性能

研究了脂肪酸环氧-开环-酯化三步反应制备聚酯多元醇,比较了3种不同碘值的脂肪酸原料制备的聚酯多元醇及其聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）性能。脂肪酸碘值越高多元醇的羟值也越高：1#、2#和3#聚酯多元醇羟值分别为：261.47 mgKOH/g、370.28 mgKOH/g和434.49 mgKOH/g。3种多元醇的相对分子量为600～2000。3种泡沫的压缩和弯曲性能与泡沫密度成正比。泡沫SEM分析显示：羟值较高的多元醇泡沫2#和3#泡沫孔结构较规则,以正五边形和正六边形居多;1#泡沫泡孔不规则,易变形。对3种泡沫的TG-DSC、DTG分析结果表明：3种泡沫的热分解温度都约为300 ℃,具有较好热稳定性。     

麻疯树油一步加氢催化制备生物航空煤油

以麻疯树油为原料,以自制的Pt/SAPO-11为催化剂,一步加氢制备生物航空煤油。探究了反应温度、氢压、油剂比、反应时间和转速对C_8~C_(16)比率和C_8~C_(16)烃异构率的影响。结果表明:在反应温度290℃、氢压2.5 MPa、油剂比10∶1、反应时间3 h、转速200 r/min的条件下,产物C_8~C_(16)比率为69.2%,C_8~C_(16)烃异构率为19.01%;对精馏后的产品进行性能检测,各检测指标达到了3号喷气燃料的标准(GB 6537—2006)。     

Comparative study of performance and emissions of a diesel engine using Chinese pistache and jatropha biodiesel

An experimental study of the performances and emissions of a diesel engine is carried out using two different biodiesels derived from Chinese pistache oil and jatropha oil compared with pure diesel. The results show that the diesel engine works well and the power outputs are stable running with the two selected biodiesels at different loads and speeds. The brake thermal efficiencies of the engine run by the biodiesels are comparable to that run by pure diesel, with some increases of fuel consumptions. It is found that the emissions are reduced to some extent when using the biodiesels. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are reduced when the engine run at engine high loads, so are the hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are also reduced at different engine loads. Smoke emissions from the engine fuelled by the biodiesels are lowered significantly than that fuelled by diesel. It is also found that the engine performance and emissions run by Chinese pistache are very similar to that run by jatropha biodiesel.     

Trigeneration running with raw jatropha oil

The performance and the efficiency of a trigeneration system fueling with pure diesel and with raw jatropha oil are investigated using the ECLIPSE software. The study is based on a diesel engine generating set. The genset is used for electrical power generation only, acting as a single generation. The trigeneration system consists of the genset, a waste heat recovery system and an absorption refrigerator. The genset is used to generate electricity; the waste heat system is used to collect the waste heat from the cooling system and the exhaust from the engine, to supply heating/hot water; and the absorption refrigerator is used to supply cooling/refrigeration, which is driven by the waste heat from the engine instead of electricity. A comparison of the thermal efficiencies and the CO₂ emissions of trigeneration with single generation and cogeneration (combined heat and power — CHP) is carried out. The results from the study show that the thermal efficiency of trigeneration is higher than that of single generation; the CO₂ emissions of trigeneration are lower than that of single generation. The results also show the performance differences between the trigeneration and single generation; and the differences between trigeneration and cogeneration.     

微量酸催化麻疯树籽油制备生物柴油(英文)

Biodiesel produced from crude Jatropha curcas L.oil with trace sulfuric acid catalyst(0.02%-0.08% oil) was investigated at 135-184 ℃.Both esterification and transesterification can be well carried out simultane-ously.Factors affecting the process were investigated,which included the reaction temperature,reaction time,the molar ratio of alcohol to oil,catalyst amount,water content,free fatty acid(FFA) and fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) content.Under the conditions at 165 ℃,0.06%(by mass) H2SO4 of the oil mass,1.6 MPa and 20:1 methanol/oil ratio,the yield of glycerol reached 84.8% in 2 hours.FFA and FAME showed positive effect on the transesterification in certain extent.The water mass content below 1.0% did not show a noticeable effect on trans-esterification.Reaction kinetics in the range of 155 ℃ to 175 ℃ was also measured.     

木质能源麻疯树产业发展对策研究

麻疯树用途广泛,尤其作为一种重要的能源植物已受到人们广泛关注,其种子含油率达 40%～60 %,是一种不可多得的环保生物汽、柴油可再生提炼树种,是最具希望的可替代石化\"黑金\"能源的生物\"绿金\"能源.作者着重阐述麻疯树植物的种类、分布和资源发展状况及存在的问题,提出木质能源麻疯树可持续利用和产业化发展的对策,为麻疯树保护、利用和发展相结合提出努力方向.