γ-(2,3-环氧丙烷)丙基三甲氧基硅烷水解研究

为获得充分水解,且尽量避免缩聚的有机硅氧烷水解产物,以γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GPT-MS)为例,对有机硅氧烷的水解工艺进行研究.结果表明,中性介质、常温搅拌有利于降低水解得到的Si-OH发生缩聚反应;Si-OH的缩聚反应随着水含量的增加而下降,GPTMS的水解、缩聚反应随着反应温度的提高而加快;GP...     

北美典型致密油地质特征对比及分类

为全面认识致密油,汲取国外成功的开发经验,从而推动我国致密油发展,通过详细对比北美地区巴肯组、鹰滩组和卡尔蒂姆组的地质特征,从方便储量计算的角度,提出了更为完善的致密油定义,并系统划分了致密油的类型。结果表明：致密油主要是指以吸附或游离状态赋存于未纳入常规油田产区的低渗储层（卡尔蒂姆组）或地层深部致密沉积岩（巴肯组、鹰滩组）中,且必须通过水平井或多级压裂等开发技术才能实现经济采出的轻质非常规石油聚集,可以划分为 2 个大类、5 个亚类,其中,巴肯组致密油资源量最大,具有“大而肥”的特点,主要赋存在渗透率为 0.01～1.00 mD 的致密砂岩中,卡尔蒂姆组致密油资源量次之,主要赋存在渗透率为 0.1～10.0 mD 的砂质泥岩中,而鹰滩组致密油资源量最低,主要赋存在渗透率为 0.000 001～0.000 100 mD 的致密灰岩中。     

梁杆结构二阶效应分析的一种新型梁单元

推导了一种计及梁杆二阶效应的新型两结点梁单元。首先依据插值理论构造了三结点Euler-Bernoulli梁单元的位移场:使用五次Hermite插值函数建立梁单元的侧向位移场,二次Lagrange插值函数建立梁单元的轴向位移场,进而由非线性有限元理论推导了单元的线性刚度矩阵和几何刚度矩阵,然后使用静力凝聚方法消除三结点梁单元中间结点的自由度,从而得到一种考虑轴力效应的新型两结点梁单元。实例分析表明,此新型梁单元具有很高的计算精度,使用此单元进行梁杆结构分析可获得相当准确的二阶位移和内力。     

改善冷却塔冷却负荷方法的探讨

本文分析制冷剂冷凝温度、循环冷却水温和流量对制冷量的影响,并根据华南沿海地区夏季气候湿热,冷却塔负荷过大而冷却水温往往达不到额定工况的特点,结合冷凝热回收和喷泉冷却系统的工程实例,探讨降低冷却塔负荷及冷却水温的方法。     

多孔型纵横凝结换热表面的性能研究

该文提出了一种新型凝结换热表面-多孔型纵槽表面,通过对该表面与普通光滑表面进行的对比实验研究。得出应用该表面进行凝结换热可明显提高传热效果。是一种强化凝结换热的新方法。将多孔型纵槽表面应用于太阳能热泵系统可增强冷凝器的换热效果,对提高太阳能热泵系统性能和能源的有效利用率具有积极的意义。此外,文章还从工程实际应用出发,简单分析了多孔型纵槽管冷凝器在太阳能热泵系统中的应用前景。     

Effect of Non-Equilibrium Condensation of Moist Air on Flow Field in Ludwieg Tube

The time-dependent behavior of non-equilibrium condensation of moist air through a Ludwieg tube with a diaphragm downstream is investigated by using a computational fluid dynamics work. The two-dimensional, compressible, Navier-Stokes equations, fully coupled with the condensate droplet growth equations, are numerically solved by a third-order MUSCL type TVD finite-difference scheme with a second-order fractional time step. Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model is employed to close the governing equations. The present computations represent the experimental flows well. The results obtained show that for an initial relative humidity over 40 %, the periodic excursions of the condensation shock occurs in the Ludwieg tube, and the frequency increases with the initial relative humidity. It is also found that total pressure loss due to non-equilibrium condensation in the Ludwieg tube should not be ignored even for a very low initial relative humidity. Furthermore, the variations of condensation properties are also di     

竖直圆管外含空气蒸汽冷凝传热的实验研究

通过对含空气蒸汽在竖直圆管外表面冷凝传热的实验研究,分析了空气质量分数、压力及过冷度对蒸汽冷凝换热的影响,给出了含空气蒸汽的冷凝传热过程中的实验关联式。结果表明：在空气质量分数及压力不变的条件下,壁面过冷度对冷凝传热系数的影响高于纯蒸汽冷凝过程中的Nusselt层流解;所得到的实验关联式具有更广的适用范围,且其与实验值的误差在±10%以内。     

非凝性气体对汽-气稳压器稳压的影响研究

通过分析相间的传热传质过程以及非凝性气体存在时壁面蒸汽冷凝过程,建立了汽 气稳压器模型,研究了非凝性气体对稳压过程的影响,描述了稳压器的稳压特性,并将模型计算结果与MIT稳压器实验数据进行了对比。结果表明：当不含非凝性气体时,计算精度高,相对偏差在0.8%内,压力峰值为0.647 MPa;当非凝性气体含量从0增至20%时,计算精度相对减小,最高相对偏差为15.4%;压力峰值从0.647 MPa增至1.02 MPa。研究表明非凝性气体对稳压器稳压过程具有重要影响作用,随着非凝性气体的种类和含量的变化,稳压器内稳压过程发生显著变化。     

Measurement of heat transfer coefficients for direct contact condensation in core makeup tanks using holographic interferometer

The present work is to improve our understanding and analysis of direct contact condensation on the gravity injection of CMTs and to measure the heat transfer coefficients around steam bubbles using the holographic interferometer and high speed camera. The condensation regime map associated with the downward injection of steam into water through the steam pipe is investigated to understand the mechanism of the direct contact condensation. The present map shows that the boundary of chugging and subsonic jetting with the larger diameter pipe is shifted to the larger steam mass flux. Steam cavity mode, not found in the literature, and the unique mode of downward injection for the present geometry, is observed at the low subcooled water temperature. With the holographic interferometry and the high speed camera, the heat transfer mechanism for the direct contact condensation in CMTs is understood and the heat transfer coefficients are measured.