The additive-free electrode based on the layered MnO2 nanoflowers/reduced,graphene oxide film for high performance supercapacitor

The MnO₂ nanoflowers/reduced graphene oxide composite is coated on a nickel foam substrate (denoted as MnO₂ NF/RGO @ Ni foam) via the layer by layer (LBL) self-assembly technology without any polymer additive, following the soft chemical reduction. The layered MnO₂ NF/RGO composite is uniformly anchored on the Ni foam skeleton to form the 3D porous framework, and the interlayers have access to lots of ions channels to improve the electron transfer and diffusion. This special construction of 3D porous structure is beneficial to the enhancement of electrochemical property. The specific capacitance is up to 246 F g⁻¹ under the current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹. After 1000 cycles, it can retain about 93%, exhibiting excellent cycle stability. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements confirm that MnO₂ NF/RGO @ Ni foam electrode has lower R_ESR and R_CT values when compared to MnO₂ @ Ni foam and RGO @ Ni foam. This study opens a new door to the preparation of composite electrodes for high performance supercapacitor.     

SINS/LBL组合导航序贯滤波方法

在长基线水声定位系统(LBL)实际应用过程中,由于信标作用距离限制、障碍物遮挡等多种原因,使得水下无人航行器(UUV)可能无法接收到所有信标的应答信号而产生量测更新延迟问题。对UUV在无法接收到所有信标信号时的导航滤波算法进行了研究;结合捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)误差模型和声速误差,建立了SINS/LBL组合导航模型,并将异步量测序贯处理方法引入该模型,实现了SINS/LBL组合导航滤波算法的实时量测更新;通过湖上试验数据分析,对比了SINS/LBL组合导航序贯滤波方法与常规方法的位置误差。结果表明,该方法即使在应答信号有缺失的情况下,仍然能够利用有限的应答信号量测值进行实时量测更新,保障了组合导航的精度。     

Fabrication and biocompatibility of polyethyleneimine/heparin self-assembly coating on NiTi alloy

NiTi alloy has been used widely as biomaterials. But because of toxic effects possibly caused by excess Ni ions released during the corrosion process in the physiological environment, it is still a controversial material. Fabricating medicine-loaded coating, which is expected to decrease the release of Ni ions and improve the biocompatibility of the materials, is a potential way to solve the problem. In this paper, NiTi alloy is coated by polyethyleneimine/heparin films via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method. UV-Vis, FT-IR, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements are used to characterize the microstructure of coatings and select the best fabrication conditions. Potentiodynamic polarization researches in sodium chloride and dynamic clotting time experiment are utilized to study its corrosion resistance capability and biocompatibility of coatings, respectively. The results indicate that PEI/heparin multilayer coating can improve the biocompatibility of NiTi alloy surface.     

动态LBL组装聚离子膜对乙醇/水体系的渗透汽化性能

采用动态层-层吸附成膜法(动态LBL),以聚醚砜超滤膜为基膜,以聚丙烯酸(PAA)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为聚离子制备了聚离子复合膜.考察了动态成膜与静态吸附成膜的膜性能比较,研究了动态过滤时间、聚离子浓度、进料浓度、温度等因素对该复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响;并对复合膜表面和截面做了扫描电镜分析.在40℃时,该复合膜对乙醇/水体系的分离因子可达1300,渗透通量约150 g/(m2.h),体现了较好的渗透汽化分离性能.     

CdTe Quantum Dots/Layered Double Hydroxide Ultrathin Films with Multicolor Light Emission via Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly

Quantum dots (QDs) luminescent films have broad applications in optoelectronics, solid‐state light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), and optical devices. This work reports the fabrication of multicolor‐light‐emitting ultrathin films (UTFs) with 2D architecture based on CdTe QDs and MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets via the layer‐by‐layer deposition technique. The hybrid UTFs possess periodic layered structure, which is verified by X‐ray diffraction. Tunable light emission in the red‐green region is obtained by changing the particle size of QDs (CdTe‐535 QDs and CdTe‐635 QDs with green and red emision respectively), assembly cycle number, and sequence. Moreover, energy transfer between CdTe‐535 QDs and CdTe‐635 QDs occurs based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which greatly enhances the fluorescence efficiency of CdTe‐635 QDs. In addition, a theoretical study based on the Förster theory and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrates that CdTe QDs/LDH UTFs exhibit superior capability of energy transfer owing to the ordered dispersion of QDs in the 2D LDH matrix, which agrees well with the experimental results. Therefore, this provides a facile approach for the design and fabrication of inorganic‐inorganic luminescent UTFs with largely enhanced luminescence efficiency as well as stability, which can be potentially applied in multicolor optical and optoelectronic devices.     

Chitosan and dextran stabilized GO-iron oxide nanosheets with high dispersibility for chemotherapy and photothermal ablation

Iron oxide nanoparticle-modified graphene oxide nanosheets (GO-IONP) is a potential material for biomedical use, while its application is seriously limited due to its poor dispersibility under physiological conditions. In this work, GO-IONP was stabilized by chitosan and dextran via layer-by-layer self-assembly to produce GO-IONP-CS/DEX nanocomposites for targeted drug delivery and photothermal ablation. After the modification, its hydrophilic performance was enhanced, with the aggregation under physiological conditions strongly improved and undesired non-specific protein absorption ratio drastically reduced. Nanocomposites could load DOX up to 140.1% and DOX-loaded nanocomposites performed a sustained and pH-dependent drug releasing behavior. Moreover, the magnetic nanocomposites can be internalized by A549 cells with a magnetically targeted drug delivery profile. Pure GO-IONP-CS/DEX had an excellent photothermal ablation effect with no obvious cytotoxicity, and GO-IONP-CS/DEX-DOX had a cytotoxicity that increased with drug dose. All in all, GO-IONP-CS/DEX had good prospects for the biomedical delivery application.     

应答器未校准情况下的水下长基线定位方法研究

针对应答器未校准情况下的水下长基线定位问题，提出了基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的同步定位与地图创建方法。应用随机地图技术，将自主水下航行器的位置坐标和应答器的位置坐标组成增广状态矢量，以到应答器的距离为测量值，用无迹卡尔曼滤波进行求解。该方法是一种实时在线算法，充分利用了速度和航向信息，克服了非线性方程方法存在的状态矢量维数高、求解易发散的问题，并且对水下航行器的运动方式没有约束。仿真结果表明，它能够抑制航位推算法定位的累积误差，提供水下长期的、误差有界的定位信息。     

Room-Temperature Synthesis of a COFs Membrane Via LBL Self-Assembly Strategy for Energy Harvesting

The covalent organic frameworks (COFs) membrane with ordered and confined one-dimensional channel has been considered as a promising material to harvest the salinity gradient energy from the seawater and river water. However, the application of the COFs in the field of energy conversion still faces the challenges in membrane preparation. Herein, energy harvesting is achieved by taking advantage of a COFs membrane where TpDB-HPAN is synthesized via layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy at room temperature. The carboxy-rich TpDB COFs can be expediently assembled onto the substrate with an environmental-friendly method. The increased open-circuit voltage (V_oc) endows TpDB-HPAN membrane with a remarkable energy harvesting performance. More importantly, the application perspective is also illuminated by the cascade system. With the advantages of green synthesis, the TpDB-HPAN membrane can be considered as a low-cost and promising candidate for energy conversion.     

Electrochemical behaviour of self-assembly multilayer films based on iron-substituted α-Keggin polyoxotungstates

Ultrathin multilayer films containing metal-substituted polyoxometalates, [PW₁₁Fe^III(H₂O)O₃₉]⁴⁻ (PW₁₁Fe) or [SiW₁₁Fe^III(H₂O)O₃₉]⁵⁻ (SiW₁₁Fe), and poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) were prepared by the electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly method on a glassy carbon electrode. The multilayer films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy on a quartz slide was used to monitor film growth. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that the electrochemical properties of the polyoxometalates are completely maintained in the multilayer films, and the influence of scan rate on the voltammetric features showed that the first tungsten reduction process for immobilized PW₁₁Fe and SiW₁₁Fe is a surface-confined process. Studies with [Fe(CN₆)]^3−/4− as electrochemical probe showed that their permeability depends on the thickness of the multilayer films, if the outermost layer is negatively charged. Additionally, the (PEI/SiW₁₁Fe)_n multilayer films showed electrocatalytic properties towards nitrite reduction.     

基于LBL声信标的AUV快速精确定位

长基线声学定位系统是水下机器人广泛应用的外部导航设备。以对“CR-02”6000m自治水下机器人（简称AUV）技术的深入开发为背景,提出在原有长基线（LBL）定位系统的基础上增加导航功能的方案。由于海水介质非均匀性与复杂的时空变化特性,给基于测距的位置计算带来很大困难。采用平均声速法计算耗时小而误差大,波阵面定位法误差小而耗时大。为解决这个矛盾,根据AUV深度传感器给出的深度信息,采用本征声线快速计算方法解算AUV的水平面位置。与波阵面法、平均声速法进行了综合比较。仿真实验表明该方法具有优良的性能,满足AUV导航需要。