Structural Characterization of the Lignins from the Green and Yellow Bamboo of Bamboo Culm (Phyllostachys pubescens)

Milled wood lignins were isolated from green and yellow bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), termed MWLg and MWLy, respectively. The structural features of the lignin preparations and the remaining LCC were characterized by quantitative ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) spectroscopy and two-dimensional heteronuclear signal quantum coherence NMR (2D HSQC NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the main substructures in MWLg and MWLy were β-O-4 alkyl-aryl ether, resinol, phenylcoumaran, spirodienone, and α,β-diaryl ether, and their abundances per 100 Ar units were 38.2 and 39.8, 6.9 and 6.3, 3.8 and 2.9, 1.7 and 2.1, 0.4 and 0.3, respectively. The S:G:H ratios of MWLg and MWLy were estimated to be 40:54:6 and 51:44:5, respectively. The γ-acylation of green bamboo lignin was 17.22%, lower than that of yellow bamboo lignin (21.12%). Moreover, a flavonoid compound (tricin) was also detected in the MWLg and MWLy. Some carbohydrates remained in the purified MWL preparations, which were considered as the lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC).     

低温阀门用LCB和LCC钢热处理方法浅析

通过理论分析和大量的试验，提出了LCB和LCC低温钢阀门零件达到ASTM标准对其低温冲击韧性要求的热处理工艺。     

Photovoltaic systems: A cost competitive option to supply energy to off-grid agricultural communities in arid regions

The main objective of this work is to investigate the economic feasibility of photovoltaic technology to supply the entire energy demands to off-grid irrigated-farming-based communities in the arid regions. This aims at helping these communities to find practical solutions to cope with the rapid rising electricity generation costs, mainly by diesel generators (gensets). The genset electricity costs are typically affected by the high fossil fuel prices, the fuel transport costs and the intensive operation and maintenance (O&M) requirements. The work was conducted on a representative site from which conclusions could be drawn for similar regions. The case study was performed in the New Kalabsha Village in the Lake Nasser Region (LNR) in southern Egypt.     

褐煤提质工艺的仿真研究

为了使褐煤得到高效利用,并减少其提质过程中的危险性,建立了褐煤提质仿真系统。以LCC工艺为例介绍了仿真的建模、调试、环境部署等过程。最后给出仿真的意义与发展前景。     

浅谈限流电路（LCC）测试

根据GB4943-2001标准,简单介绍了限流电路的要求,总结出限流电路的测试方法,并且通过两个实例具体分析如何测试限流电路（LCC）。     

装备可靠性指标调整对LCC 的贡献研究及应用

为提高装备可靠性工作效率,研究了可靠性投入收益以及可靠性与寿命周期费用的关系。在此基础上,从经济性角度出发,通过以费用为牵引的逆向分析来优化论证研制阶段装备可靠性指标设计,提出了“可靠性指标调整对 的贡献率”的概念,分两种情况对其进行定义与求解,实现了可靠性要求与寿命周期费用目标的综合权衡,这对于合理确定经费投入规模,提高装备可靠性投入效益和装备效费比具有一定的参考价值。最后,通过实例对可靠性指标的调整与决策过程进行了具体演示。     

建设项目寿命周期成本技术模块化推广研究

分析LCC技术的推广障碍,基于逾渗理论提出LCC技术模块化推广路径,构建LCC技术应用的"逾渗"模型,提出LCC模块的产生原理,结合LCC的技术流程和模块划分的原则,对LCC实施进行模块分解,构建了LCC技术模块化专家系统,以促进LCC技术的推广应用。     

重庆地区某工业厂房地表水地源热泵空调系统全寿命周期成本分析及优化

建立了全寿命周期成本(LCC)数学模型,计算分析了该工业厂房分别采用地表水地源热泵系统与常规冷热源系统的LCC值。分析了能耗的组成及特征,地表水地源热泵系统中热泵机组及冷水泵的能耗费用占运行成本的比例较大,分别为76.2%和12.9%。基于LCC分析了不同负荷率下多台机组并联运行时负荷承担方式不同对机组COP的影响,结果显示,在冷水供回水温差、源水侧供回水温差一定的情况下,部分负荷率小于28%时2台机组均匀分担负荷,大于28%时4台机组均匀分担负荷,系统LCC值最小,为2 857.5万元。同时当冷水泵采用变频控制时,系统的LCC值更小,为2 825.9万元。     

基于ISO15686-5国际标准的建筑生命周期成本(LCC)与建筑全生命成本(WLC)研究

该文针对国际标准化组织所公布的ISO 15686-5(房屋和建筑资产:工作寿命计划第5部分:生命周期成本)中建筑生命周期成本(LCC)与建筑全生命成本(WLC)部分展开研究。该文的研究目的主要在于说明ISO15686-5在建筑领域LCC研究当中的重要性,明确LCC和WLC的概念,明晰LCC与WLC之间的区别和联系,进而探讨WLC所涉及的变量。通过在ISO15686-5框架内对LCC和WLC的分析和比较,可以发现两者的区别主要体现在外部性、非建筑成本和收益这三个组成部分方面。WLC所覆盖的成本范围当中包含了LCC,它相当于LCC与其他外部成本的合计。     

基于 LCC的嵌入式处理器 C语言编译器研究

介绍了一种为T RIC快速开发高级语言编译工具的方法．LCC是一个小型的可变目标C语言编译器,通过扩展LCC后端使其支持硬件中断等嵌入式C语言语法特性,进而实现 T RIC的C语言编译器．经测试验证,此方法可大大降低移植LCC的难度和出错的概率,且能快速开发出目标处理器的编译工具．