Traffic signal equipment procurement based on cost of ownership and community cost

The principles of cost of ownership have been applied to the development of a system of traffic signal equipment procurement in which the failure cost includes the cost to the community arising from increased accident rate and traffic disruption due to malfunctioning equipment. The paper first summarizes some of the principles and guidelines of LCC procurement. It then gives the cost-of-ownership equation which has been developed for the comparative tender assessment of traffic signal equipment. It explains the categorization of signal malfunction modes according to their hazard-creation and traffic-disruption severities, providing a matrix of 5 × 5 hazard/disruption categories, and gives the derivation of the corresponding community cost rates. It discusses the proposed method of implementation of the system, including a warranty/guarantee plan intended to overcome the problem of MTBF prediction inaccuracy and to provide incentive for MTBF improvement. The paper concludes with a discussion of the savings which can be achieved through use of the system and of its cost effectiveness. The system was developed for the Department of Main Roads, New South Wales.     

价值工程与面向成本的设计

价值工程 (VE—ValueEngineering)方法是降低产品成本的常用方法 ,随着并行工程的深入发展 ,面向成本的设计 (DFC -DesignForCost)应运而生 ,它是DFX方法的一个分支。通过VE与DFC两者的分析和对比认为两者既有区别又有联系 ,两者在信息收集、改进设计、研究范畴等方面有相同之处 ,因此在DFC中可以使用价值工程中的情报收集、功能分析、方案创造和评价等方法 ,并给出了这些方法在DFC中的应用环节和途径 ,为DFC与价值工程方法相结合指出了方向。     

基于模糊隶属度的电力设备资产全寿命周期成本模型及评价体系研究

电网企业将LCC理论应用作为提高设备资产效率和质量的有效手段,亟需解决LCC应用中的模型计算和评价体系问题.本文通过构建电网企业资产全寿命周期管理机制,建立了电力设备的LCC的计算模型和方法,采用基于模糊数学中的模糊隶属度方法,改进了技改和大修项目分摊到多个设备资产分摊方法,提出了电力设备的LCC评价模型和评价体系,并...     

Evaluation of two different drainage systems for rock tunnels

Water penetration and dripping in tunnels is almost always a significant problem which is usually solved with the help of a tunnel waterproofing drainage system mounted where drips and leaks are detected. Today’s drainage systems are made of foamed polyethene (PE) mats which are covered with shotcrete. These are relatively expensive, complex to install, sensitive to mechanical impact, and often have a much shorter expected lifetime than the tunnel. In this study, a new type of drainage, Rockdrain, was studied and compared with the present drainage system. The systems were evaluated with respect to technical, environmental, and economic aspects. A field test was performed with the Rockdrain system and compared with installation of a traditional system. Laboratory tests were performed on especially the different shotcrete layers used in the Rockdrain system. The environmental evaluation was performed by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the economic evaluation was performed by Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis. The results indicate that the Rockdrain system has a good drainage function, is significantly cheaper than the current system, has a longer expected lifetime, is easier to install, and is less sensitive to mechanical impact.     

基于边缘轮廓特征的实时车型分类

采用面向对象技术设计可视化程序设计语言的编译系统,通过对复杂的可视化图片语法进行分析,将各语法现象以语法单元类的形式进行抽象分类,提出了编译器-编译器的设计策略,给出了从可视化图片设计语言到伪指令代码的解决方法.主要研究在面向对象的编辑环境中如何实现满足硬件设备控制器的稳定、高效的编译系统.通过将可视化程序语言分析器(VPLPG)和小型的类C编译(LCC)器配合使用最终实现可视化程序设计语言的编译系统.     

运用LCC分析建筑围护结构节能的经济性

运用LCC理论分析评价了建筑围护结构节能的经济性,提出了从全寿命周期角度来考虑建筑围护结构的经济效益和社会效益.     

基于LCA和LCC的可持续建筑设计研究

目前生命周期评价工具（LCA）已成为可持续建筑设计的关键技术,对设计方案的环境影响进行评价,但该技术在支持可持续建筑设计决策时具有一定的局限性,因为除了环境影响问题之外,经济因素也与建筑物的可持续发展有着密切的关系。因此,文章在LCA的基础上,引入全生命周期成本分析工具（LCC）,设计了基于LCA和LCC的可持续建筑设计流程,并运用熵权决策法对建筑设计方案进行环境和经济效益综合评价,进而对设计方案进行优选。     

电力系统全寿命周期成本管理与智能电网建设

阐述了LCC管理技术的概念、核心、优点、注意事项以及电力系统的特点,介绍了国内外电力系统中LCC管理技术的应用情况,提出了在电力系统推广LCC管理技术的措施,着重介绍了发展智能电网建设与LCC管理技术在电力系统应用的关系。     

资产全寿命周期管理在变压器招评标中的应用

鉴于目前的电力设备招评标体系存在的不足,将设备资产全寿命周期成本管理(life cycle asset management,LCAM)应用到变压器的招评标中,构建LCAM评标体系,改进和完善电力设备招评标体系.阐述了LCAM评标体系模型中的评价指标选取、评分标准选择以及各项指标权重设定等问题,给出了变压器全寿命周期成...