环鄱阳湖区域污染净化型农业产业化发展模式构想

在环鄱阳湖区域实施污染净化型农业的产业化是控制湖区面源污染,实现经济转型的重要策略。本文论述了污染净化型农业特点及其在鄱阳湖实施产业化的有利条件,提出了适合鄱阳湖区域特色的污染净化型农业产业化模式。     

浮选柱处理滇池污水的工艺初探

针对滇池水污染的状况和治理现状，对目前国内采用ICEAS工艺的污水处理厂脱氮除磷效果不佳的现状，此工艺采用浮选柱作为浮选设备，并采用充以臭氧等新的技术，能更有效地解决滇池污水中的氮、磷、有机悬浮物、COD污染物，预计会有很好的研究价值和应用前景。     

鄱阳湖枯水期水体主要污染物时空分布差异（性）研究

系统分析了鄱阳湖2015年度枯水期主湖体、五河入口、湖口过江水道、赣江下游主河道和南昌市周边湿地表层水体中总氮、总磷、汞、铜、锌、铅、镉等几种污染物的含量,结果表明:①2015年度鄱阳湖枯水期水体中总氮、总磷和铜的平均浓度分别为3.145 mg/L、0.121 mg/L和0.089 mg/L,总体偏高;②汞、铅、锌、镉的平均浓度为5.932×10-4 mg/L、0.408mg/L、0.0645 mg/L和4.516×10-2 mg/L;③总氮、总磷和铜在空间分布上存在差异性,表现为饶河河口、吴城望湖亭和湖口等区域的污染情况较为严重,南矶山碟形湖的污染程度最轻.     

新庙泡叶绿素a浓度高光谱定量模型研究

利用吉林省新庙泡的高光谱实测数据和水质采样分析数据,尝试通过单波段、波段比值、一阶微分和峰谷间距法建立叶绿素a反演模型。结果表明:单波段光谱反射率与叶绿素a浓度的相关性较差,不宜用于该区域的叶绿素a浓度估算;680 nm和700 nm波段反射率之比、700 nm处光谱一阶微分值和两波段峰谷间距反演模型都具有较高的决定系数,分别为0.783 4、0.792 7、0.796 9,验证模型的决定系数为0.651 3、0.431 7、0.756 4,均方根误差分别为8.69μg·L-1、14.50μg·L-1、10.04μg·L-1,显著水平P<0.01。这3种方法皆可以用于新庙泡叶绿素a浓度的定量遥感,其中又以峰谷间距法为最优。     

Automatic Algorithm for Extracting Lake Boundaries in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on Cloudy Landsat TM/OLI Image and DEM

Lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are numerous and widely distributed, accounting for 41% and 57% of the total number and area of lakes in China, which are very important for the study of lakes in the whole country and even in the whole world. Remote sensing has been used to monitor the lake distribution for a long time, but optical remote sensing images are often obscured by clouds, from which it’s impossible to automatically extract complete lake boundaries. An automatic interpolation algorithm for lake boundary generation based on cloudy Landsat TM/OLI image and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is proposed. Firstly, supported by the platform of Google Earth Engine, the tier1 data of Landsat TM/OLI images are used to eliminate the effects of cloud, cloud shadow, snow and mountain area, based on the Pixel Quality Assessment (pixel_qa) attribute and SRTM 30 m DEM. Then, the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) is calculated, and the Canny edge detection algorithm are used to obtain the known part of the lake boundary (L) in cloud-free areas. The possible lake areas are obtained by range filtering of DEM locally. At the same time, DEM is used to generate contours with an isometric interval of 1 m, and a series of contours surrounding the possible lake area are automatically screened out. The tree structure is established according to the inclusion relationship between contours. The leaf nodes are the innermost contours, which are recorded as inner contours (C1). Because the acquisition time of Landsat and DEM is different, with the lake expanding or shrinking, the lake water surface will rise or fall relative to the inner contour. Different methods of determining the outer contour (C2) are adopted. Subsequently, the slope-aspect relationship between the inner contour C1 and the outer contour C2 and the known part of the lake boundary L is established, and the unknown lake boundary points are interpolated. Finally, the nearest neighbor method is used to connect the known lake boundary points with the interpolated Lake boundary points to form a complete lake boundary. The extracted lake boundaries were validated by visual digitized lake boundaries from ZiYuan-3 image or cloud-free Landsat image on the near date. It is found that they are basically coincided, and the percentage of differences in length and area are -6.81%~9.4% and -2.11%~2.7% respectively. It shows that this method is very effective for automatic extraction of Lake boundary from cloudy Landsat TM/OLI images, and provides a new method for automatic extraction of long time series Lake boundary and its temporal and spatial variation analysis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on GEE and other big data platforms.     

基于基因表达式的太湖水质聚类及模型发现

应用基因表达式编程研究太湖水质自动聚类及其数学模型发现,解决了传统聚类算法需预先设定类别数目及不能对聚类建立数学模型的问题.与实际数据比较,表明聚类结果正确;所发现的营养盐对水质影响的数学模型,对监控、优化太湖水质具有建设性意义.     

基于VIIRS数据洪泽湖悬浮物浓度估算算法研究

基于2012~2015年洪泽湖4次星地同步试验数据,建立了较高精度的水体悬浮物浓度单波段(671 nm)模型(R~2=0.74,RMSE=8.58 mg/L),并进行了验证(R~2=0.72,RMSE=11.98 mg/L);然后,将该算法成功应用到了2012~2015年464景VIIRS无云影像上.结果表明,洪泽湖悬浮物浓度呈现春夏低、秋冬高的季节特征和东、中部高,西、北部低的空间分布特征;在年际变化尺度上,悬浮物浓度年均值呈现较小的减少趋势.总体来说,VIIRS在浑浊水体悬浮物浓度上表现了较好的探测能力,在湖泊水色遥感领域具有较大潜力.     

古潜山周缘滩坝沉积模式与岩性油藏勘探实践——以南苏丹Melut盆地Ruman地区Galhak组为例

Melut盆地历经了近20年的构造圈闭勘探,目前可钻的剩余构造圈闭已十分有限,为应对储量和产量递减,亟待开展岩性油藏等新领域的探索。基于古地貌恢复、物源体系、单井微相、砂体展布等分析,综合青海湖现代沉积调查结果,提出Ruman潜山周缘白垩系Galhak组发育大型滩坝沉积,建立了潜山隆起周缘型和水下潜山台地型2类沉积模式,认为长轴三角洲前端侧翼的古潜山地貌所造就的高能滨浅湖环境是滩坝沉积的关键控制因素。Galhak组沉积初期,因强烈断层掀斜作用,Ruman潜山短暂露出水面,基岩-长轴三角洲复合供源,发育大型坝砂,单层厚度10～20 m,面积约10 km²;随后,因相对湖平面上升,Ruman潜山没入水下,发育水下潜山台地型滩坝,长轴三角洲单一供源,以大面积薄层滩砂为主,局部发育厚层坝砂。滩坝砂体与上倾尖灭线、下伏Renk组烃源岩、顶板洪泛泥岩、侧向湖相泥岩封隔等配套,形成上倾尖灭、孤立透镜体等类型的岩性圈闭。滩坝沉积的提出有效指导了岩性油藏勘探,部署的多口探井获勘探发现,提升了Ruman地区的储量规模。     

隐患探测技术在洪泽湖大堤渗漏检测中的应用

介绍了“同位素示踪”法和“DB-3I型堤 防管涌渗漏检测系统”在洪泽湖大堤渗漏检测中的应用情况,并对两种方法的应用进行了对 比。文末对洪泽湖大堤隐患监测系统的建设提出了建议。     

新疆博斯腾湖二维水质数学模型研究

博斯腾湖流域经济总产值占全州经济总量的80%以上,是巴州工农业生产的重要聚集区域。然而,随着流域社会经济的快速发展,流域污染物的产生量、入湖量和污水排放量日益增加,点源污染和面源污染逐年加剧,博斯腾湖已由淡水湖泊演变为微咸湖。因此,建立二维水质数学模型,分析矿化度变化规律,为博斯腾湖的环境管理及环境保护规划等提供科学依据。