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41.
Pollutant detachment rates have been determined for four chloride salts during simulated urban storm runoff. Under rainfall and/or overland flow conditions, chloride mass flux was measured and related to boundary shear stress of the test surface. Washoff coefficients, presumed to depend only on pollutant characteristics, were computed based on the slopes of dimensionless mass flux versus dimensionless time plots. Washoff coefficients were found to vary among and between the chloride compounds studied. In general, higher overland flow rates produced lower boundary shear and lower washoff coefficients. The combination of simulated rainfall and overland flow resulted in an increased boundary shear and an increased washoff coefficient. An empirical washoff coefficient based on a load characteristic curve derived from an exponential washoff relationship was also computed from the runoff data and compared with the previous washoff coefficient. A linear correlation between these two washoff coefficients was observed. The magnitude of the latter coefficient under simulated rainfall was consistent with reported values obtained from field data. 相似文献
42.
Addressing the potential for drop impact failure of Pb-free interconnects, the shear ductility after extensive aging of Sn-Ag-Cu
(SAC) solders has been improved radically by Co or Fe modifications. Several other SAC+X candidates (X=Mn, Ni, Ge, Ti, Si,
Cr, and Zn) now have been tested. Solder joint microstructures and shear strength results show that new SAC+X alloys also
suppress void formation and coalescence at the Cu (substrate)/Cu3Sn interface (and embrittlement) after aging at 150°C for up to 1,000 h. Microprobe measurements of 1,000 h aged samples suggest
that Cu substitution by X is usually accentuated in the intermetallic layers, consistent with X=Co and Fe results. 相似文献
43.
工字梁的抗剪极限承载力 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对工字梁腹板抗剪极限承载力的研究进行总结,对各种公式与文献中的试验结果进行对比,将拉力场理论和转向应力场理论的假定与ANSYS分析揭示的腹板应力发展变化规律进行对比,指出了假定和数值分析结果的不一致。提出了翼缘对腹板转动约束的合理参数,得到精度良好的考虑翼缘约束的腹板剪切屈曲系数。利用得到的屈曲系数,考虑翼缘抗弯承载力的贡献,提出新的工字梁抗剪极限承载力的计算公式。与现有试验数据和ANSYS非线性有限元分析结果的对比,证实建议方法离散性较小,适用范围广,尤其是对于通用高厚比较大的梁,较以往方法有了较大改进。 相似文献
44.
We have developed a Zimm-type viscometer specially designed for the simultaneous measurements of the structure factor and the viscosity of hyperswollen lyotropic liquid crystals under a very weak shear. We have investigated the shear effects on the layer undulation fluctuation in the lamellar structure and the transition from the anisotropic lamellar to the isotropic sponge phase. We have found a significant difference in the rheological properties between the lamellar and the sponge phase: The former exhibits non-Newtonian flow behavior, while the latter exhibits Newtonian behavior.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 相似文献
45.
运用文献[1]所介绍的分析原理与方法,编制了强震作用下钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构非线性地震反应时程分析的程序。本文介绍该程序的功能、框图,以及利用该程序计算所得到的几栋钢筋混凝土结构的非线性地震反应分析结果。算例表明,本程序计算结果可靠,能很好地用于解释震害和预测地震时结构可能发生的破坏。 相似文献
46.
47.
Optical scattering in beef steak to predict tenderness using hyperspectral imaging in the VIS-NIR region 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim Cluff Govindarajan Konda Naganathan Jeyamkondan Subbiah Renfu Lu Chris R. Calkins Ashok Samal 《Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety》2008,2(3):189-196
The objective of this research is to develop a non-destructive method for predicting cooked beef tenderness using optical
scattering of light on fresh beef muscle tissue. A hyperspectral imaging system (λ = 496–1,036 nm) that consists of a CCD
camera and an imaging spectrograph, was used to acquire beef steak images. The hyperspectral image consisted of 120 bands
with spectral intervals of 4.54 nm. Sixty-one fresh beef steaks, including 44 strip loin and 17 tenderloin cuts, were collected.
After imaging, the steaks were cooked and Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force values were collected as tenderness references.
The optical scattering profiles were derived from the hyperspectral images and fitted to the modified Lorentzian function.
Parameters, such as the peak height, full scattering width at half maximum (FWHM), and the slope around the FWHM were determined
at each wavelength. Stepwise regression was used to identify 7 key wavelengths and parameters. The parameters were then used
to predict the WBS scores. The model was able to predict WBS scores with an R = 0.67. Optical scattering implemented with hyperspectral imaging shows limited success for predicting current status of tenderness
in beef steak. 相似文献
48.
49.
配置抗冲切钢筋的混凝土异形柱-板柱连接试验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在9个柱截面为三种典型异形柱(十字形、T形和L形) -板柱连接未配置抗冲切钢筋时的冲切特性试验基础上,以十字形柱-板柱连接为代表,通过三个配置抗冲切钢筋试件与三个未配抗冲切钢筋试件的对比试验,研究了异形柱-板柱连接配置抗冲切钢筋后的冲切特性,同时将锚栓和箍筋的抗冲切性能进行了对比。试验结果表明,抗冲切钢筋可以有效地提高板的受冲切承载力和延性,在改善延性方面,锚栓比箍筋更有效。另外,将国外几个主要规范ACI3 18、BS8110及MC90 ,关于对非矩形荷载面冲切临界截面周长的规定进行了比较,从试验结果看,ACI3 18规范的取法更合理。 相似文献
50.
The degradation of interlaminar shear strength and shear fracture toughness of glass/epoxy composites due to uptake of distilled water and sea water has been studied. The composites were immersed in water for up to eight months at temperatures up to 70 °C. Unreinforced matrix resin samples were also immersed for periods up to 2 years. Sea water was absorbed less rapidly than distilled water. Weight gains below 1% did not influence the shear strength while higher weight gains reduced shear strength up to 25%. The loss in apparent interlaminar shear strength was uniquely related to specimen weight gain. Mode II fracture toughness, G
IIc, also decreased with increasing immersion time after an initial incubation period, but the accelerated tests were found to reduce G
IIc less than the room temperature tests at comparable weight gains. 相似文献