镍基均相络合催化剂苯加氢反应动力学研究

采用工业上应用较成功的HC-402-2型镍基均相Z iegler型络合催化剂,在排除扩散影响的条件下,研究了苯均相催化加氢制环己烷的反应动力学。在反应温度150~210℃、总压1.0~2.4MPa的范围内,考察了反应温度、氢分压和苯浓度对反应速率的影响。实验结果表明,苯加氢均相催化反应对苯浓度的反应级数为零级,对氢分压的反应级数为一级,反应活化能为36 435.27 J/mol。经检验,该动力学模型的相关系数大于0.9,模型合理,能够描述实际反应过程。     

Gas Sensing of NiO‐SCCNT Core–Shell Heterostructures: Optimization by Radial Modulation of the Hole‐Accumulation Layer

Hierarchical core–shell (C–S) heterostructures composed of a NiO shell deposited onto stacked‐cup carbon nanotubes (SCCNTs) are synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD). A film of NiO particles (0.80–21.8 nm in thickness) is uniformly deposited onto the inner and outer walls of the SCCNTs. The electrical resistance of the samples is found to increase of many orders of magnitude with the increasing of the NiO thickness. The response of NiO–SCCNT sensors toward low concentrations of acetone and ethanol at 200 °C is studied. The sensing mechanism is based on the modulation of the hole‐accumulation region in the NiO shell layer upon chemisorption of the reducing gas molecules. The electrical conduction mechanism is further studied by the incorporation of an Al₂O₃ dielectric layer at NiO and SCCNT interfaces. The investigations on NiO–Al₂O₃–SCCNT, Al₂O₃–SCCNT, and NiO–SCCNT coaxial heterostructures reveal that the sensing mechanism is strictly related to the NiO shell layer. The remarkable performance of the NiO–SCCNT sensors toward acetone and ethanol benefits from the conformal coating by ALD, large surface area of the SCCNTs, and the optimized p‐NiO shell layer thickness followed by the radial modulation of the space‐charge region.     

Sonochemical Activation of Al/Ni Hydrogenation Catalyst

This paper proposes a sonochemical approach to the nanostructuring of Al/Ni catalyst with high content of accessible Ni centers and a high reusability. The surface and bulk composition as well as pore size distribution of this catalyst are controlled synergistically by adjusting the ultrasound intensity in aqueous solution. Sonochemical activation of Al/Ni alloy leads to formation of mesoporous Al/Ni metallic based frameworks with surface area up to 125 m² g^?1, and regular distribution of nickel active center in the porous matrix. One of the opportunities of porous Al/Ni catalyst is that due to a time‐resolved controllable formation of protective oxide layer it can be stored and handled under air in comparison to traditional Raney catalysts which need inert conditions. The Al/Ni catalyst is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy (CSFM), solid‐state NMR experiments, and powder X‐ray diffraction analysis (PXRD). The catalytic activity was investigated for the hydrogenation of acetophenone.     

电铸镍药型罩的微观组织及织构分析

采用电铸方法制备纯镍药型罩 ,并用光学显微镜 (OM)、透射电镜 (TEM )、电子背散射衍射 (EBSD)技术对药型罩及爆炸变形后杵体进行观察分析。实验结果表明 ,电铸镍药型罩有良好的力学性能 ,在高速变形过程中发生动态再结晶。     

电铸镍药型罩经退火处理后组织与性能的变化

在电铸液中加入添加剂可以使电铸镍药型罩的晶粒得到细化,通过适宜的热处理可以达到控制晶粒形状和大小 的目的。对加添加剂的电铸镍药型罩在不同的温度下进行了退火热处理,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及显微硬度计 对退火热处理前后样品的微观组织及疑微硬度进行了系统的研究。试验结果表明,随着退火温度的升高电铸镍药型罩的 显微硬度明显降低,内部晶粒呈现等轴晶形态。     

固溶淬火钨镍铁合金力学性能与镍铁比关系

研究了固溶淬火条件下Ni/Fe比（质量分数）对W-Ni-Fe高密度钨合金力学性能的影响规律．拉伸测试表明．同溶淬火条件下W-Ni-Fe合金的最佳Ni-Fe比发生偏移,随Ni/Fe比增加,钨合金的强度和韧性同步提高,当镍铁比达到9/1时强度和韧性都达到最大值,其后合金的强韧性随Ni-Fe比增加而同步降低．通过X射线和TEM分析发现,缓冷条件下W-Ni-Fe合金中有脆性β相析出,固溶淬火工艺能有效抑制β相析出．     

含铜和镍电镀污泥还原氨浸工艺及反应动力学分析

采用还原氨浸工艺实现电镀污泥中铜、镍的浸出。在20%(质量分数)氨水+0.3 mol/L (NH₄)₂CO₃+0.4 mol/L Na₂SO₃的浸出体系中,当固液比为1∶15,在70℃下浸出3h,铜、镍的浸出率别为95.84%和90.12%。反应动力学分析表明,氨-碳酸铵-亚硫酸钠体系浸出电镀污泥中铜、镍受界面传质和固体膜层扩散共同控制。     

原子吸收光谱法连续测定金属硅中铜、锰、镍

采用原子吸收光谱技术,测定金属硅中的杂质铜、锰、镍,研究了干扰及其消除方法。铜、锰、镍检出限分别为0.009,0.008和0.033mg/L,相对标准偏差小于1.5%。加标回收率95.1%～104.1%。方法简便、快速。     

黄油中镍含量快速检测方法的研究

目的 建立炉内燃烧石墨炉原子吸收光谱法快速测定黄油中镍含量的分析方法.方法 以无水乙醇稀释样品形成均匀溶液,使石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪的进样系统能够微量准确进样,加入硝酸钯作为上机测试的基体改进剂,外标法进行定量分析.结果 本方法建立的标准曲线线性良好,相关系数为0.9991,检测限为1.98μg/L,回收率在87.9％～...     

微波消解-丁二酮肟沉淀分离-EDTA返滴定法测定含镍生铁中镍

含镍生铁是不锈钢冶炼重要原材料,准确快速检测含镍生铁中镍含量对不锈钢冶炼质量控制及成本控制至关重要,而使用丁二酮肟重量法测定含镍生铁中镍需使用大量酸溶解样品,有时还需要对不溶性残渣进行熔融处理,过程繁琐。实验利用微波消解法处理含镍生铁样品,并通过丁二酮肟沉淀分离法使含镍生铁中镍与钴、铜有效分离,再使用EDTA返滴定法测定镍,最终建立了含镍生铁中镍含量的测定方法。使用5个含镍生铁标准样品进行验证,当镍质量分数为5%～20% 时,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为0.14%～0.33%;通过t检验法进行显著性检验,测定结果与标准值之间无显著性差异。分别按照实验方法和国标方法GB/T 31924—2015《含镍生铁 镍含量的测定 丁二酮肟重量法》对同一个含镍生铁样品进行检验,使用t检验对两种方法得到的结果进行统计分析,结果表明两种方法检验结果无显著性差异。