蜂巢石强化 UASB 反应器处理垃圾渗滤液研究

向厌氧系统中投加载体材料是提升反应器稳定性及厌氧效率的有效手段.本试验将蜂巢石投加到上流式污泥床反应器(UASB)中,研究其对垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液厌氧消化效率的影响及厌氧污泥中产甲烷菌群落结构的变化.试验结果显示,投加蜂巢石缩短了UASB污泥驯化时间,与未投加蜂巢石的反应器相比,CODCr去除率提前12天稳定达到85％以上;污泥形貌观察及粒径分布测试表明,蜂巢石作为固定微生物的载体能够有效加速污泥颗粒化进程,运行至第15天,投加蜂巢石的反应器中粒径大于0.2 mm的污泥占比53.17％,高于未投加蜂巢石反应器的31.92％,形成了更加密实、更大的颗粒污泥.当有机负荷逐步提升至28.77 kgCODCr/(m3·d)时,投加蜂巢石的反应器CODCr去除率仍稳定达到97％,所能承受的最大有机负荷是未投加蜂巢石反应器的2倍以上.高通量测序表明,有机负荷提升后,投加蜂巢石反应器中产甲烷丝菌(Methanosaeta)代替产甲烷杆菌(Methanobacterium)成为优势种属.     

Application of Regression Analysis for Ozone and Catalytic Ozonation of Organic Compounds from Landfill Leachate with Ceramic Raschig Rings and Natural Manganese Ore

Treatment of landfill leachate could be improved by adding ceramic raschig rings and manganese ore as catalysts for ozonation. Regression analysis were carried out to assess effects of parameters (pH, reaction time, the amount of H₂O₂, the surface area of ceramic raschig rings and the amount of manganese ore) on removing organic compounds from landfill leachate by ozone alone, peroxone, ozone/ceramic raschig rings, peroxone/ceramic raschig rings, ozone/manganese ore and peroxone/manganese ore. Results showed that parameters of reaction time, the amount of H₂O₂ and the amount of manganese ore were the high effects on removal of organic compounds from landfill leachate, following by pH paremeter. Ceramic raschig rings did not have significant effect on color, COD and TOC removal.     

Influence of Liquid Height to the Oxidation Process of Landfill Leachate by Using Ozone

The influence of liquid height on chemical oxygen demand (COD) of leachate was investigated. When 400 mL leachate was filled in a thick tube reactor (TTR) with height of 0.063 m, COD removal efficiency was 45.69%, while ozone dosage was 3.35 mg_O3/mg_COD. As leachate was filled in a slender tube reactor (STR) with a height of 0.815 m, removal efficiency was 51.81%, and ozone dosage was 3.12 mg_O3/mg_COD. The results indicated that COD removal efficiency increased with the height of liquid. It is believed that the liquid height increased hydraulic pressure and resulted in COD removal efficiency.     

Mono- and diesters from o-phthalic acid in leachates from different European landfills

Leachates from 17 different landfills in Europe were analysed with respect to phthalates, i.e. phthalic acid diesters (PAEs) and their degradation products phthalic acid monoesters (PMEs) and ortho-phthalic acid (PA). Diesters are ubiquitous and the human possible exposure and potential to human health and environment has put them in focus. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether monoesters and phthalic acid could be traced in landfill leachates and in what concentrations they may be found. The results showed that phthalates were present in the majority of the leachates investigated. The monoesters appeared from 1 to 20 microg/L and phthalic acid 2-880 microg/L (one divergent value of 19 mg phthalic acid/L). Their parental diesters were observed from 1 to 460 microg/L. These observed occurrences of degradation products, of all diesters studied, support that they are degraded under the landfill conditions covered by this study. Thus, we have presented strong evidences to conclude that microorganisms in landfills degrade diesters released from formulations in a variety of products, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) species.     

厌氧—混凝—高级氧化工艺处理转运站污水的中试研究

开发了转运站污水厌氧生化调节池和基于混凝沉淀及高级氧化技术的快速处理设备,在转运站现场建立中试系统,优化系统运行的工艺参数,研究中试规模下组合工艺对转运站污水的处理效果,并进行了技术经济分析。该组合工艺可将CODCr从进水的15 000 mg/L降至1 230 mg/L,油脂从进水的10 000 mg/L以上降至50 mg/L,色度去除率在90%以上,出水澄清透明且无恶臭。     

Ozonation Of Leachates From Aged Domestic Landfills

Ozonation was evaluated as a treatment process for domestic landfill leachates. Bench-scale batch and continuous flow experiments depicted that the process is effective in color removal but considerably less effective in TOC and ammonia removal. The high buffer capacity of the leachate maintained relatively constant pH through the process. Biodegradability of the leachate as measured by BOD/COD also improved.     

Modeling anaerobic bioreactor landfills in methanogenic phase: long term and short term behaviors

We have developed a mathematical model to simulate the behavior of real bioreactor landfills in the anaerobic methanogenic phase. This coupled model is composed of a two-phase flow and a biological model based on Darcy's law and Monod's model, respectively. This model considers bacterial activity and biological behavior as a function of temperature and makes it possible to study the thermo-biological behavior of bioreactor landfills with temperature changes. In this model we consider different effects of saturation on solid waste degradation. These effects consist of increasing hydrolysis with saturation and also decreasing the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and activating the methanogenic biomass. This paper presents first the mathematical coupled model and the numerical methods used to solve the conservation equations. The numerical model is then used to simulate two bioreactor landfills. This paper presents the results of long and short (with leachate recirculation) term numerical simulations comparing them with site results. Finally results as well as advantages and drawbacks of the model are discussed. The results show that the mathematical model is able to reproduce the hydro-thermo-biological behavior of a bioreactor landfill in different conditions, with and without leachate recirculation, and leads to a better understanding of important thermal and biological parameters.     

Results of interlaboratory comparisons of column percolation tests

Laboratory leaching tests may be used for source term determination as a basis for risk assessment for soil-groundwater pathway (leachate forecast) on contaminated sites in Germany. Interlaboratory comparisons on the evaluation of the reproducibility of column percolation tests were conducted within the framework of an integrated R+D program using three waste reference materials. The interlaboratory comparisons of column percolation tests showed good reproducibility of the results for inorganic and organic parameters as well as for the accompanying parameters. This is due to the stipulations concerning the time of contact between leachant and sample material as well as the sample placement in the columns. Different column dimensions used by the participants of the interlaboratory comparisons did not have any substantial influence on the column test results.     

贵州省垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理技术研究

本文分析了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的来源及水质特征,对国内外垃圾渗滤液的处理方法进行简单综述,针对贵州省垃圾渗滤液水质特征及地形条件,提出相应的渗滤液处理工艺,并分析了各段处理工艺的原理及作用。