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51.
52.
J. Lub W.P.M. Nijssen R.T. Wegh J.P.A. Vogels A. Ferrer 《Advanced functional materials》2005,15(12):1961-1972
This paper describes the synthesis of photoisomerizable derivatives of isosorbide. These derivatives contain a stilbene or cinnamate moiety and can therefore be used as photoisomerizable chiral compounds in cholesteric liquid‐crystalline mixtures. The reflection wavelength of cholesteric layers made from these mixtures is increased by UV irradiation due to the fact that the Z‐isomers of these derivatives exhibit a lower helical twisting power than the corresponding E‐isomers. The cinnamate derivatives are very suitable for use in cholesteric color filters that find application in liquid‐crystal displays. 相似文献
53.
Novel star-like wholly aromatic copolyesters having four arms based on a tetraamine star core, p- and m- hydroxybenzoic acids and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid have been successfully synthesized and spun into fibers for the investigation of the effect of the star-like structure on improving compressive properties of the fiber. The reactivity of the star core was demonstrated using a model compound with FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The 13C NMR spectrum of the star-like terpolymer having a molar ratio of 10:1 of the monomers to star core showed a characteristic peak at around δ62 ppm which corresponds to a tetra-substituted carbon and thereby demonstrates that the star core was really incorporated into the polymer. The star-like copolyester exhibited a clear stir opalescence and liquid crystalline morphology in the temperature range of 150-280 °C. However, no transition was observed in the DSC thermogram except a clear Tg at 110 °C. The star-like terpolymer fiber, prepared from a polymer with a molar ratio of 500:1 for the monomers to imide core, was spun in the liquid crystalline state at 180 °C. Fiber structure and properties have been studied. 相似文献
54.
Polyethylene‐g‐polyacrylamide membranes were prepared by graft polymerization of acrylamide onto polyethylene films using a preirradiation method. The ion‐exchange membranes were obtained by the hydrolysis of grafted films so as to transform amide groups into carboxyl groups. The fraction of amide groups transformed into carboxyl groups was limited to ~0.5. The characterization and thermal behavior of membranes with different degrees of grafting were evaluated by FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The heat of fusion and the crystallinity of polyethylene decreased considerably in the hydrolyzed membranes depending on the degree of grafting. It was found that the grafting of acrylamide led to the reduction in crystallinity due to disruption of the crystallites (crystal defects) and dilution of the inherent crystallinity (dilution effect). The contribution of the hydrolysis step to the crystallinity decrease was negligible. The thermal stability of the membranes as obtained from TGA showed considerable enhancement after hydrolysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 149–154, 2003 相似文献
55.
雷达发射机中大功率器件(如速调管)的强迫液体冷却是一种常用的冷却方式。本文根据某雷达发射机冷却系统的设计.介绍了大功率速调管发射机水冷系统的设计方法。 相似文献
56.
作者结合实例,论述了氨罐保冷改造的设计、选材及施工,给出了改造后两年的测试结果,并对测试结果进行了分析。 相似文献
57.
介绍了液体通过核孔膜规律方面取得的新认识,包括:(1)纯净液体通过核孔膜的规律;(2)核孔膜测定液体粘滞系数的各种方法;(3)各种物质溶液浓度的核孔膜测定;(4)液相混合物快速分离和化学分离;(5)流体中固体微粒对核孔膜的堵塞及其公式;(6)用核孔膜滤除液中各各斩规律。 相似文献
58.
介绍了非稳态法测试液体在低温下(-100~50℃)的热导率的测试原理、方法,测试了全氟三乙胺的低温热导率。为了提高测试的重复性,采用了相对比较法,并给出了测试装置及测试结果和误差分析。 相似文献
59.
William N. Gill Rajiv M. Ginde John Verhoeven 《Chemical Engineering Communications》1993,124(1):49-56
The linear theory of Pearson (1958) and Nield (1964) is modified here to study liquid tin and include the finite thermal resistances of the bounding layers of boron nitride, copper and air (∼10-2 torr) in the experiments of Ginde et al. (1989). The magnitude of the ΔTc across the layer of liquid tin required for the onset of convection depends on the ratios of the thermal conductivities and thicknesses of the supporting layers of boron nitride and copper to those of the tin.
According to our theory surface tension contributes more than buoyancy to the instability observed experimentally. The critical ΔTc observed required for the onset of convection in the layer of tin, is up to 25% lower than that predicted, which shows the layer is less stable than the theory indicates. Thus the surface of the tin was uncontaminated, or a significantly larger observed critical ΔTc would be expected.
The boundary condition on the thermal fluctuations at the base of the supporting layer of copper does not appear to be important in these experiments. However, the thermal resistance of the boron nitride would have to be assumed to be unrealistically large to obtain agreement within experimental error with the theory. 相似文献
According to our theory surface tension contributes more than buoyancy to the instability observed experimentally. The critical ΔTc observed required for the onset of convection in the layer of tin, is up to 25% lower than that predicted, which shows the layer is less stable than the theory indicates. Thus the surface of the tin was uncontaminated, or a significantly larger observed critical ΔTc would be expected.
The boundary condition on the thermal fluctuations at the base of the supporting layer of copper does not appear to be important in these experiments. However, the thermal resistance of the boron nitride would have to be assumed to be unrealistically large to obtain agreement within experimental error with the theory. 相似文献
60.
We have studied the CO2/CH4 mixed gas permeation through hollow fiber membranes in a permeator. An approach to characterize the true separation performance of hollow fiber membranes for binary gas mixtures was provided based on experiments and simulations. Experiments were carried out to measure the retentate and permeate flow rates and compositions at each outlet. The influences of pressure drop within the hollow fibers, non-ideal gas behavior in the mixture and concentration polarization were taken into consideration in the mathematics model. The calculation results indicate that the net influence of the non-ideal gas behavior, competitive sorption and plasticization yields the calculated CO2 permeance in a mixed gas permeator close to that obtained in pure gas tests. Whereas the CH4 permeance is higher in the mixed gas tests than that in the pure gas tests, as the plasticization caused by CO2 dominates the permeation process. As a result, the CO2/CH4 mixed gas selectivity is smaller than those obtained in pure gas tests at equivalent pressures.The calculated membrane performance shows little changes with stage cut if the effect of concentration polarization is accounted for in the calculation. The integration method developed in this study could provide more accurate characterizations of mixed gas permeance of hollow membranes than other estimation methods, as our model considers the roles of non-ideal gas behavior and concentration polarization properly. 相似文献