有关IATA DGR50版与49版锂电池航空运输包装指引的差异说明

详细介绍了IATA DGR 50版与49版关于锂电池包装指引的差异。     

如何延长UPS中免维护蓄电池组的使用寿命

UPS电源其后备储能设备采用免维护蓄电池组,免维护蓄电池组维护的好坏对电源的寿命和故障率有很大影响,文中根据使用中的具体情况和维护经验介绍UPS中免维护蓄电池组的使用注意事项和日常维护要求,以延长免维护蓄电池组的使用寿命。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO_4的研究进展

橄榄石型LiFePO4正极材料具有原料来源丰富、无毒、环境友好、理论容量较高、热稳定性和循环性能好等特点,是近年来迅速发展起来的一种锂离子电池的正极材料。综述了新型锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4的研究进展,重点阐述了LiFePO4材料的结构、制备方法、改性研究,并对发展方向进行了展望。     

Stabilizing Polymer–Lithium Interface in a Rechargeable Solid Battery

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are promising candidates for developing high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries due to their flexible processability. However, the low mechanical strength as well as the inferior interfacial regulation of ions between SPEs and Li metal anode limit the suppress ion of Li dendrites and destabilize the Li anode. To meet these challenges, interfacial engineering aiming to homogenize the distribution of Li⁺/electron accompanied with enhanced mechanical strength by Mg₃N₂ layer decorating polyethylene oxide is demonstrated. The intermediary Mg₃N₂ in situ transforms to a mixed ion/electron conducting interlayer consisting of a fast ionic conductor Li₃N and a benign electronic conductor Mg metal, which can buffer the Li⁺ concentration gradient and level the nonuniform electric current distribution during cycling, as demonstrated by a COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. These characteristics endow the solid full cell with a dendrite‐free Li anode and enhanced cycling stability and kinetics. The innovative interface design will accelerate the commercial application of high‐energy‐density solid batteries.     

Constructing Na‐Ion Cathodes via Alkali‐Site Substitution

Na‐ion batteries have experienced rapid development over the past decade and received significant attention from the academic and industrial communities. Although a large amount of effort has been made on material innovations, accessible design strategies on peculiar structural chemistry remain elusive. An approach to in situ construction of new Na‐based cathode materials by substitution in alkali sites is proposed to realize long‐term cycling stability and high‐energy density in low‐cost Na‐ion cathodes. A new compound, [K_0.444(1)Na_1.414(1)][Mn_3/4Fe_5/4](CN)₆, is obtained through a rational control of K⁺ content from electrochemical reaction. Results demonstrate that the remaining K⁺ (≈0.444 mol per unit) in the host matrix can stabilize the intrinsic K‐based structure during reversible Na⁺ extraction/insertion process without the structural evolution to the Na‐based structure after cycles. Thereby, the as‐prepared cathode shows the remarkably enhanced structural stability with the capacity retention of >78% after 1800 cycles, and a higher average operation voltage of ≈3.65 V versus Na⁺/Na, directly contrasting the non‐alkali‐site‐substitution cathode materials. This provides new insights into alkali‐site‐substitution constructing advanced Na‐ion cathode materials.     

Engineering of Polyanion Type Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Toward Higher Energy/Power Density

The development of high energy/power density sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is still challenged by the high redox potential of Na/Na⁺ and large radius of Na⁺ ions, thus requiring extensive further improvement to, in particular, enhance the capacity and voltage of cathode materials. Among the various types of cathodes, the polyanion cathodes have emerged as the most pragmatic option due to their outstanding thermostability, unique inductive effect, and flexible structures. In this Review, a critical overview of the design principles and engineering strategies of polyanion cathodes that could have a pivotal role in developing high energy/power density SIBs are presented. Specifically, the engineering of polyanion cathode materials for higher voltage and specific capacity to increase energy density is discussed. The way in which morphology control, architectural design, and electrode processing have been developed to increase power density for SIBs is also analyzed. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future research direction of this field are presented.     

High‐Power Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by High‐Concentration Acetonitrile‐Based Electrolytes with Vinylene Carbonate Additive

To enable next‐generation high‐power, high‐energy‐density lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs), an electrolyte possessing both high Li Coulombic efficiency (CE) at a high rate and good anodic stability on cathodes is critical. Acetonitrile (AN) is a well‐known organic solvent for high anodic stability and high ionic conductivity, yet its application in LMBs is limited due to its poor compatibility with Li metal anodes even at high salt concentration conditions. Here, a highly concentrated AN‐based electrolyte is developed with a vinylene carbonate (VC) additive to suppress Li⁺ depletion at high current densities. Addition of VC to the AN‐based electrolyte leads to the formation of a polycarbonate‐based solid electrolyte interphase, which minimizes Li corrosion and leads to a very high Li CE of up to 99.2% at a current density of 0.2 mA cm^‐2. Using such an electrolyte, fast charging of Li||NMC333 cells is realized at a high current density of 3.6 mA cm^‐2, and stable cycling of Li||NMC622 cells with a high cathode loading of 4 mAh cm^‐2 is also demonstrated.     

Interlayer Engineering of Molybdenum Trioxide toward High‐Capacity and Stable Sodium Ion Half/Full Batteries

Orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries because of its rich chemistry associated with multiple valence states and intriguing layered structure. However, MoO₃ still suffers from the low rate capability and poor cycle induced by pulverization during de/sodiation. An ingenious two‐step synthesis strategy to fine tune the layer structure of MoO₃ targeting stable and fast sodium ionic diffusion channels is reported here. By integrating partially reduction and organic molecule intercalation methodologies, the interlayer spacing of MoO₃ is remarkably enlarged to 10.40 Å and the layer structural integration are reinforced by dimercapto groups of bismuththiol molecules. Comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory calculations prove that the intercalated bismuththiol (DMcT) molecules substantially enhanced electronic conductivity and effectively shield the electrostatic interaction between Na⁺ and the MoO₃ host by conjugated double bond, resulting in improved Na⁺ insertion/extraction kinetics. Benefiting from these features, the newly devised layered MoO₃ electrode achieves excellent long‐term cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. These achievements are of vital significance for the preparation of sodium‐ion battery anode materials with high‐rate capability and long cycling life using intercalation chemistry.     

锂离子电池用聚合物电解质的最新进展I.干态聚合物电解质

聚合物锂离子电池的发展对聚合物电解质提出了更高的要求,促使人们开发性能优良的干态聚合物电解质。综述了近年来干态聚合物电解质的研究进展,包括:(1)以改性聚氧化乙烯-锂盐复合体系为代表的耦合体系;(2)导电机理完全不同的解耦合体系;(3)阴离子移动受限的单离子体系。其中,解耦合体系与单离子体系的研究得到了特别的关注。     

锂离子电池用聚合物电解质的最新进展II.含液聚合物电解质

由于干态聚合物电解质目前还不能满足聚合物锂离子电池的应用要求,人们致力于开发含液体增塑剂的聚合物电解质,包括凝胶型和微孔型两类体系。本文综述了含液聚合物电解质的最新进展,重点论述了各种新体系和新方法。