F-12纤维聚合液不溶物的产生原因及控制方法

对F-12纤维聚合液中不溶物的产生原因进行分析,通过对聚合反应工艺的调整,避免聚合液体系不溶物的出现,保证聚合液的均匀.     

Antioxidant capacity of extract from edible flowers of Prunus mume in China and its active components

Prunus mume flowers are used as traditional edible and medicinal materials in China. In this study, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract from flowers of P. mume in China were investigated for the first time. The total phenol content was estimated as gallic acid equivalents by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH, ABTS⁺, and OH free radicals scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Three chlorogenic acid isomers, namely, 3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acids, were isolated and purified by preparative HPLC from the ethanolic extract and identified by UV, MS and NMR. The contents of these isolated compounds were quantified by HPLC. Results showed that 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid was of the highest level in these three isomers. The ethanolic extract demonstrated activity to some degree in all the antioxidant assays. In all tested assays, all of the isolated chlorogenic acid isomers exhibited strong antioxidant activities, which were almost the same. The results showed that chlorogenic acid isomers are the key phenolic compounds which are responsible for antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract from Chinese P. mume flowers.     

樱桃果酒的抗氧化性研究

以樱桃为实验原料,在发酵前后及过程中测定及分析不同酒精度、二氧化硫、维生素C、时间的樱桃酒的抗氧化性,研究出樱桃汁发酵前后及发酵过程中的抗氧化能力的变化情况。结果发现,随着酒精度的提高,樱桃酒中的黄酮和多酚含量逐渐降低,当酒精度达到11%时,含量较高,清除羟自由基能力最好;SO2浓度为80～100mg/L时,多酚和黄酮含量较为稳定,抗氧化能力最佳;维生素C添加110mg/L时,多酚和黄酮含量以及清除羟自由基能力最好;发酵时间以60h,72h,84h较为适宜,抗氧化能力较好。     

提高聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量实验条件研究

聚合物驱已成为老油田提高采收率的重要手段之一,驱油用聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量约为2 000×104,就相同结构和组成的聚合物而言,相对分子质量越大,增粘性能越好,驱油效率越高。利用精制丙烯酰胺单体、碳酸钠和水为主要原料,采用水溶液均相聚合法,分析了起始反应温度、螯合剂EDTA-2Na的物质的量浓度、水解时间等对聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量的影响,确定了较高相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺的合成条件。结果表明,在起始反应温度为10℃,螯合剂EDTA-2Na的物质的量浓度为0.168 mmol/L,水解时间为5 h时,聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量最大。     

紫花地丁中芹菜素提取和清除自由基活性研究

为充分利用与开发紫花地丁资源,本文采用乙醇提取紫花地丁中芹菜素苷,经溶剂萃取和D-101大孔树脂吸附与分离,用酸水解后乙醚溶解和丙酮重结晶得到芹菜素.采用化学发光法研究了紫花地丁中芹菜素清除O-2.和.OH活性.实验结果表明,D-101树脂对紫花地丁芹菜素静态交换容量是30.2 mg/g,树脂吸附率为75.2%.经分离纯化的紫花地丁芹菜素对清除O-2.和.OH均有一定效果:当芹菜素浓度为4μg/mL时,其清除O-2·率为43.4%,且清除效果比Vc、VE都强;芹菜素浓度为9μg/mL时,清除.OH率为22.45%,其清除效果比Vc差,但比VE好.     

Antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of selected plants

The antioxidant properties of 25 edible tropical plants, expressed as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), were studied using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical) scavenging and reducing ferric ion antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. Their cupric ion chelating activities (CCA) and total polyphenol contents (TPC) were also determined. A strong correlation between TEAC values obtained for the DPPH assay (TEAC_DPPH) and those for the FRAP assay (TEAC_FRAP) implied that compounds in the extracts were capable of scavenging the DPPH free radical and reducing ferric ions. A satisfactory correlation of TPC with TEAC_DPPH and TEAC_FRAP suggested that polyphenols in the extracts were partly responsible for the antioxidant activities while its correlation with CCA was poor, indicating that polyphenols might not be the main cupric ion chelators. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that TEAC_DPPH, TEAC_FRAP and TPC contributed to the total variation in the antioxidant activities of the plants.     

微波预处理对压榨南瓜籽油品质的影响

以南瓜籽仁为原料,研究了微波预处理对压榨南瓜籽油品质的影响。结果表明：随着微波功率的增加和处理时间的延长,压榨南瓜籽油的酸值变化不大;当微波功率为350 W和550 W时,随着处理时间的延长,南瓜籽油过氧化值总体呈增长趋势,而微波功率为700 W时,南瓜籽油过氧化值则呈先上升后下降的趋势。微波预处理能提高南瓜籽油中总酚、甾醇、总生育酚的含量,分别在550 W微波处理12、9、9 min时达最高,为1 352.7 mg/kg、2.54 mg/g和56.95 mg/100 g,比微波处理前分别提高了87.61%、29.59%和15.17%。同时微波预处理也能提升南瓜籽油的氧化诱导时间、DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS自由基清除能力,在550 W微波处理9 min时,氧化诱导时间、DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率最高,分别为5.83 h、295.11 μmol/100 g和724.35 μmol/100 g,比微波处理前分别提高了57.57%、33.96%和64.46%。适当的微波预处理可以显著增加南瓜籽油中油脂伴随物含量,提高油脂的氧化稳定性和抗氧化能力。     

苦荞壳活性组分的鉴定及其DNA损伤保护研究

苦荞是一种非常重要的食品资源,为了能够对其有效地利用,以DPPH自由基清除活性为指标,通过极性萃取和柱层析的方法对醇提法得到的苦荞壳粗提物进行分离纯化。采用紫外光谱和HPLC-ESI/MS鉴定纯化的苦荞壳活性组分。结果表明,其主要成分为槲皮素,还包括微量的槲皮素-3-鼠李糖苷和山奈酚。琼脂糖凝胶电泳试验中纯化的苦荞壳活性组分显示出良好的DNA损伤保护作用,并表现出了明显的浓度依赖性。DNA损伤保护的定量研究中,当浓度为5~15 mg/m L时,纯化的苦荞壳活性组分对羟自由基和双氧水的清除活性分别为(68.46±0.52)%~(90.32±0.37)%和(72.19±0.42)%~(96.82±0.34)%。因此,纯化的苦荞壳活性组分具有的抗氧化性和DNA损伤保护作用为苦荞壳在食品、医药领域的应用提供了理论参考。     

不同种类蜂蜜总酚酸含量测定和抗氧化作用的研究

本文测定了槐花蜜、黄芪蜜、苹果蜜、荞麦蜜、枸杞蜜、山楂蜜、山花蜜、五味子蜜、菊花蜜和油菜蜜等十种蜂蜜的总酚酸含量和抗氧化活性。结果表明,十种蜂蜜的总酚酸含量在13.30±0.92mg/100g蜂蜜到148.46±2.34mg/100g蜂蜜之间,其中荞麦蜜的总酚酸含量远高于其它种类的蜂蜜。应用黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的超氧阴离子自由体系和FeSO4诱导的脂质过氧化模型,研究了稀释蜂蜜的抗氧化活性,结果表明,十种蜂蜜均有抑制超氧阴离子自由基和抗脂质过氧化的作用,呈现量效关系。其中荞麦蜜的抗氧化活性最强。本研究还观察到,蜂蜜中总酚酸的含量与其抗氧化活性成正相关,表明蜂蜜的抗氧化活性可能与其所含的总酚酸有关。十种中国蜂蜜中含有酚酸类抗氧化剂可能是其发挥保健功能的有效成分之一。