国产压力盘式过滤机的应用

介绍了国产YPL93压力盘式过滤机在碱回收苛化工段的应用和控制.该设备对白液和白泥进行过滤分离,具有单位产能大、占地面积小、滤液澄清度高、白泥残碱含量低、自动化程度高和工作环境好等特点.     

真空包装熟肉制品中的特定腐败微生物及其控制

真空包装低温熟肉制品的腐败变质主要是由乳酸菌引起的,腐败突出表现在出汁、产酸、产气、发粘4种感官腐败.主导腐败的微生物由清酒乳杆菌、弯曲乳杆菌、异型发酵的肠膜明串珠菌以及绿色魏斯菌等乳酸菌组成.在蒸煮阶段能够杀灭绝大多数微生物,腐败菌污染主要是在于后续的冷却、切片和真空包装阶段.采用超高压处理以及应用生物保护培养物,可以有效控制该类肉制品中的腐败微生物及部分致病微生物.     

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure pretreatment on drying kinetics, antioxidant activity, firmness and microstructure of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel

The effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and other pretreatments on the drying kinetics, antioxidant activity, firmness and microstructure of Aloe vera gel was investigated during convective drying at 70 °C. The pretreatments analyzed were high hydrostatic pressure, blanching, enzymatic and microwaves. Simulation of drying curves was studied through the application of several mathematical models such as Newton, Henderson and Pabis, Page, Modified Page, Wang and Singh, and Weibull. Among them, the Weibull model provided the best fit for the experimental data. All pretreatments increased the water diffusion coefficient compared to the control sample. Microwaves followed by HHP presented the fastest drying rates. All pretreatments modified the microstructure and hence the texture of the product. HHP and microwaves increased firmness while blanching and enzymatic treatments produced a softer final product. Blanching, microwaves and HHP enhanced A. vera antioxidant activity. However, the HHP pretreated samples showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to the rest. Based on these results, HHP together with convective drying offers the chance of producing dried aloe with high antioxidant attributes.     

低温射频等离子体降解乙腈中黄曲霉毒素B1的效果与途径分析

采用低温射频等离子体处理溶解于乙腈中的黄曲霉毒素B1,考察了时间、等离子体发射功率、黄曲霉毒素B1初始浓度对黄曲霉毒素B1降解率的影响,通过HPLC-MS/MS分析降解产物及其可能的降解途径。结果表明,随着等离子体功率的增大、黄曲霉毒素B1初始浓度的降低,其降解率有增大的趋势。200~500μg/L黄曲霉毒素B1经120 W等离子体处理150 s以上,黄曲霉毒素B1的降解率可达95%以上。经过对比等离子体处理不同时间后的黄曲霉毒素B1的一级质谱,推测准分子离子峰157、299、339为可能的降解产物峰。结合产物峰的二级质谱碎片信息和黄曲霉毒素B1分子结构中的活性位点,推断出降解产物的结构和降解路径。     

超高压对罗非鱼肌动球蛋白物化特性的影响

本文研究了超高压(100、300、500 MPa处理15、30、45 min)作用下罗非鱼肌动球蛋白物化特性的变化。结果发现,随着压力的增加和保压时间的延长,罗非鱼肌动球蛋白的溶解度降低,其中500 MPa处理45 min降至最低,为89.17%,表明超高压有利于蛋白质的聚集变性。超高压作用下罗非鱼肌动球蛋白的Ca2+-ATPase活性消失,表明肌球蛋白发生了变性。随压力与保压时间的增加,肌动球蛋白的表面疏水性增加,且300 MPa处理45 min增至最大,表明超高压作用使更多的疏水性基团暴露。随压力的增加,肌动球蛋白的总巯基含量降低,且500 MPa处理30 min降为最低值,二硫键含量升高,在300 MPa处理45 min增至最高,表明肌动球蛋白中巯基发生氧化形成了二硫键。以上物化特性的改变表明经过超高压处理的罗非鱼肌动球蛋白构象发生了改变。     

不同蒸煮方式下不同链长脂肪酸对板栗淀粉特性的影响

目的 研究不同蒸煮方式下不同链长脂肪酸与板栗淀粉（chestnut starch, CS）复合对板栗淀粉特性的影响。方法 通过测定淀粉及淀粉-脂质复合物的粒径大小,短程有序度、结晶度、糊化特性和流变特性,探究脂肪酸碳链长度和蒸煮方式对CS性质的影响。结果 脂肪酸的加入降低了CS颗粒尺寸、结晶度和短程有序性,增强了CS持水能力。同一蒸煮方式下,以板栗淀粉-月桂酸复合物变化最为明显,其次依次为板栗淀粉-肉豆蔻酸复合物、板栗淀粉-棕榈酸复合物。与常压蒸煮相比,高压蒸煮后淀粉持水能力增强,结晶结构更有序;短期老化淀粉的储能模量G''降低,损耗角正切值tan δ升高,表明抗短期老化性能提升。结论 不同碳链脂肪酸与CS 复合,短链脂肪酸及高压蒸煮复合效果更优,复合体系复合率更高,持水性能和抗短期回升效果更好。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中克霉唑的残留量

目的建立QuEChERS提取和净化、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultraperformanceliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)测定猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉等畜禽肉和猪肝、猪肾、羊肝、鸡心等畜禽内脏中克霉唑残留的分析方法。方法样品经正己烷饱和的乙腈提取,提取液经乙腈饱和的正己烷液液分配除脂,并经含PSA和C18粉末的净化管进一步净化。采用0.1%甲酸和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测模式(multiplereactionmonitoring,MRM)测定,同位素内标法定量。结果本方法在7 min内完成分离分析,方法在0.2～20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.9999。在0.2、2.0和20μg/kg添加水平下的回收率为78.5%～111.9%,相对标准偏差小于11.1%,方法定量限为0.2μg/kg。结论该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适合动物源食品中克霉唑残留量的测定。     

浸泡和超高压预处理对大米品质的影响

对浸泡和高压处理条件对大米品质的影响做了初步研究。实验表明,用0.8%的柠檬酸溶液浸泡大米有助于提高其糊化度,随着压强的升高,大米淀粉的糊化度逐渐增强,400 MPa压强下糊化度的边缘效应,能够显著降低大米的老化度,提高米饭的品质。     

试验压力下带接管外压容器的可靠性分析

针对压力容器在工业生产中一旦发生故障或事故,将导致严重的经济损失和人生安全的问题,分析了压力容器可靠性分析的意义,以薄膜蒸发器分离筒整体结构为对象,采用一次二阶矩法和可靠性串联模型,进行可靠性分析,可以得到分析对象在给定条件下的具体可靠程度,并得出外压容器与内压容器可靠性分析的区别,为外压容器系统结构的可靠性分析提供了理论依据。     

Relation between the structure of matrices and their mechanical relaxation mechanisms during the glass transition of biomaterials: A review

It has been demonstrated that industrial polysaccharides (agarose, deacylated gellan and κ-carrageenan) form networks of reduced enthalpic content in the presence of high levels of non-crystallizing co-solute (e.g., glucose syrup) that exhibit time-temperature dependent behaviour of a typical rubberlike polymer. In contrast, amylose holds its structural characteristics unaltered and does not reach a state of molecular mixing with glucose syrup, with morphological features being those of a micro phase-separated mixture. Variation in phase morphology and density of intermolecular associations leads to entropic or enthalpic viscoelasticity in systems, and it was utilised to define distinct classes of food related biomaterials exhibiting an extensive glass transition region or absence of vitrification phenomena. The approach was extended to encompass the experimental parameters of a porous matrix and the application of hydrostatic pressure. In the former, work discusses discrepancies in the T_g - porosity relationship attributable to the different extent to which the two techniques of calorimetry and mechanical spectroscopy respond to degrees of molecular mobility. In the latter, it was shown that the time-temperature-pressure equivalence of synthetic amorphous polymers is not operational in the glass-like behaviour of high sugar systems in the presence of gelatin or gelling polysaccharides. The existing body of evidence allowed quantitative treatment of results based on the asymmetric distribution theory of molecular relaxation time that identifies the chemical fingerprint of the local motions operating at the vicinity of T_g. Furthermore, the diffusional mobility of a bioactive compound within a glassy matrix could be followed in relation to temperature induced changes in free volume using the time-temperature superposition principle.