The Soft-Contact Method and Instruments for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Solids

A method and instruments based on it are proposed for the contact measurement of surface temperature when carrying out industrial experiments and when monitoring technological parameters.     

低温脂肪酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及其部分酶学性质

从南极乔治王岛冻土来源的76株低温细菌中筛选到13株低温脂肪酶产生菌，对其中的BTsl0022菌株进行鉴定。通过生理生化特征、16s rDNA基因序列的同源性和系统发育分析发现，菌株RTsl0022属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)，但与已定名的假单胞菌有一定的差异，与未定名的Pseudomonas sp．PsB的亲缘关系最接近，故将其暂定名为Pseudomonas sp．BTsl0022。对该菌脂肪酶的酶学性质初步研究表明，酶的最适作用温度为24℃，对热敏感，60℃处理30min仅残留25％酶活性，酶的适宜作用pH范围在7．0～9．0，最适pH为8．0。     

机械合金化Fe-Ni粉末的相结构

使用XRD和Moessbauer等方法，研究了在Ar气氛下机械合金化Fe—Ni粉末相结构的变化．结果表明，在机械合金化Fe64-Ni36粉末过程中，fcc相的数量随着球磨时间的增加先增加然后减少，与加乙醇球磨Fe64-Ni36的情形相同．当Ni的含量(原子分数)大于50％时，有fcc相、顺磁相和FeNi3形成，当Ni的含量低于50％时，bcc相的数量随着Ni含量减少而增加．Moessbauer谱的结果表明，因球磨时间或Fe、Ni比例的不同，Fe—Ni球磨粉末固溶体具有不同结构的原子配比。     

高温氨化合成GaN微晶

分别利用Ga2O3粉末和Ga2O3凝胶作为Ga源,采用NH3为N源,在950℃下,分别将两种反应物与流动的NH3反应20 min合成了GaN微晶。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、选择区电子衍射(SAED)对微晶进行结构、形貌的分析,特别是对两种不同途径合成GaN微晶的XRD进行了分析比较。结果表明,当Ga源温度为950℃时两种不同的合成途径均可得到六方纤锌矿结构的GaN单晶颗粒,在氮化温度为850℃和900℃时,利用Ga2O3粉末作为Ga源,仅有少量的Ga2O3转变为GaN;而采用Ga2O3凝胶作为Ga源,在相同的温度下,大部分凝胶经过高温氨化反应均可转化为GaN。     

Volumetric Change and Surface Properties of Temperature-Sensitive Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) Hydrogel

Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) polymer gel is a temperature sensitive polymeric gel, with a critical transition temperature (with H₂O) of 310 K. At higher than 310 K, this temperature sensitive polymer gel shrinks because of discharging water, whereas at lower temperatures, the gel swelled because of absorbing water. The reversibility of the gel's volume change was confirmed by temperature swing. The adsorption behavior of an organic compound onto the PVA polymer gel in water was tested at various temperatures. The amount of adsorbed organic compound increased remarkably at temperatures higher than about 310 K. Then, it was confirmed that the organic compound in PVA polymer gel could be reversibly adsorbed and desorbed by a temperature change between 293 and 323 K. The mechanism of adsorption of the organic compound onto the PVA polymer gel could be explained by hydration and dehydration of polymer gel.     

天然气吸附储存脱附过程的动态模拟

通过热动力学计算,认识了脱附过程当中储罐内温度剖面分布的典型特征:储罐轴心处的温度下降幅度最大。分析了脱附过程当中储罐壁的热交换、吸附剂的导热系数以及储罐内的初始压力对储罐内的温度剖面的影响。结论是加强储罐外壁的热交换、增大吸附剂的导热系数皆能改善吸附储罐内的温度剖面。     

低密度微泡沫压井液的研究与应用

吐哈油田部分区块地层压力系数小于0.9,常规水基压井液对储层伤害大,若使用油基压井液成本高,环境污染严重。通过实验优选出了一种低密度水基微泡沫压井液。该压井液具有密度低、泡沫强度高、稳定性好、携砂能力强等优点。现场应用表明,低密度微泡沫压井液稳定时间大于48 h,密度在0.70~0.99 g/cm3之间可调,抗油污染能力强,抗油大于8%,抗温在100℃以上,岩心污染后渗透率恢复值大于80%;并且施工方便,成本低,具有储层保护能力,使用微泡沫压井液的井表皮系数在0.20~2.34之间。     

Failure analysis of a broken tooth

Several days after heart surgery, a patient discovered his upper right canine tooth had broken at the root. Such tooth damage, recognized post-operatively, is usually assumed to be caused by blunt mechanical force from an instrument used by the anesthesiologist during placement of a breathing tube at the start of surgery. In this case, the patient had saved the crown portion of the broken tooth, and it was possible to examine the root fracture characteristics. The curvature and direction of the crack path and natural tooth situation suggested that failure could be described through a cantilever beam model. This was confirmed when a whole extracted sample tooth was embedded and broken by a measured force in a manner consistent with the model. The resulting fracture surface matched that of the patient’s broken canine tooth. However, the high load and force direction necessary to fracture the root was inconsistent with forces applied during the anesthesia procedure. The failure analysis and further investigation indicated tooth clenching on the breathing tube during recovery was the likely cause of fracture. This paper presents an alternate explanation for intubation-related dental injury, demonstrates the practicality of fractographic analysis of biological materials, and introduces a methodology for simulating in vitro tooth settings for mechanical testing.     

金属/Al2O3基纳米复合材料研究最新进展

金属／Al2O3纳米复合材料在保持原有金属的功能特性时，还可以获得 很好的力学性能，是有良好发展前景的一种纳米复合材料。本文回顾了近年来金属／Al2O3基纳米复合材料在制备工艺，微观结构和力学性能，增韧强化机理方面的最新进展，并指出了今后的研究方向。