人参、甘草、五味子复合醋提物对老年小鼠急性炎性肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的:本研究旨在通过脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导肝损伤小鼠考察复合醋提物(MVE)对老年小鼠炎性肝损伤的保护效果.方法:将小鼠随机分为正常对照组、MVE组、LPS组、LPS+MVE组.通过苏木精-伊红染色评估肝组织病理情况和免疫组织化学染色判断髓过氧化物酶的表达变化.同时,检测肝组织中白介...     

枸杞多糖对LPS诱导BV2小胶质细胞的抗炎活性及NF-κB信号通路的调控作用

为探究枸杞多糖（Lycium barbarum polysaccharide,LBP）对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导的BV2小胶质细胞的保护作用。本研究利用MTT法检测细胞活性,ELISA检测炎症因子的分泌,Western Blot检测蛋白表达情况。结果显示,单独LPS处理BV2小胶质细胞后,细胞的活性无显著变化而细胞上清液中的炎症因子PGE2、IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α释放显著增多;将枸杞多糖梯度与LPS诱导的BV2小胶质细胞共孵育24 h后,有效地提升了LPS诱导的BV2小胶质细胞的活性,同时显著抑制了LPS激活的BV2小胶质细胞炎症因子的释放（P<0.05）;流式结果表明,LPS组小胶质细胞可产生大量ROS,小胶质细胞经不同浓度LBP处理12 h后,ROS含量显著降低（P<0.05）;Western Blot检测结果显示,与对照组相比,LPS组和LBP组中NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达及细胞核内p65蛋白表达水平均显著上调（P<0.05）,且与LBP浓度成反比,而细胞质内p65蛋白表达显著降低（P<0.05）,且随着LBP浓度增加而降低。本研究表明,枸杞多糖对LPS激活的BV2小胶质细胞有显著的保护作用,对于LPS激活的BV2小胶质细胞引起的炎症反应具有抑制作用,同时能抑制小胶质细胞中ROS的含量以发挥抗氧化应激作用,同时有效地抑制LPS刺激后细胞内p-TAK1、iκB、p-iκB及p-p65的表达。     

槲皮素通过Nrf2通路对糖尿病大鼠胰腺氧化损伤的拮抗作用机制

目的:探讨槲皮素是否通过核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)通路拮抗糖尿病大鼠胰腺氧化损伤.方法:选取SPF级SD大鼠48只,随机选取10只大鼠作为正常对照组,其余38只大鼠饲喂高脂饲料联合注射30 mg/kg mb链脲佐菌素建立2型糖...     

The effect of optimized carbon source on the synthesis and composition of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus paracasei

This study aimed to predict the optimal carbon source for higher production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Lactobacillus paracasei TD 062, and to evaluate the effect of this carbon source on the production and monosaccharide composition of EPS. We evaluated the EPS production capacity of 20 strains of L. paracasei under the same conditions. We further investigated L. paracasei TD 062, which showed the highest EPS-producing activity (0.609 g/L), by examining the associated biosynthesis pathways for EPS. Genomics revealed that fructose, mannose, trehalose, glucose, galactose, and lactose were carbon sources that L. paracasei TD 062 could use to produce EPS. We identified an EPS synthesis gene cluster that could participate in transport, export, and sugar chain synthesis, and generate 6 sugar nucleotides. Experimental results showed that the sugar content of the EPS produced using fermentation with the optimized carbon source (fructose, mannose, trehalose, glucose, galactose, and lactose) increased by 115%. Furthermore, use of the optimized carbon source changed the monosaccharide content of the associated EPS. The results of enzyme activity measurements showed significant increases in the activity of 2 key enzymes involved in the glycoside synthesis pathway. Our study revealed that optimizing the carbon source provided for fermentation not only increased the production of EPS, but also affected the composition of the monosaccharides by increasing enzyme activity in the underlying synthesis pathways, suggesting an important role for carbon source in the production of EPS by L. paracasei TD 062.     

Kefir peptides exhibit antidepressant-like activity in mice through the BDNF/TrkB pathway

Depression is a prevalent, stress-related mental disorder that can lead to serious psychiatric diseases with morbidity and high mortality. Although some functional fermented dairy drinks have promising anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, the mechanism is still not clear. To determine the antidepressant-like effect and the potential molecule mechanism of kefir peptides (KP), various behavioral tests, including the elevated plus maze test, open field test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test, were used. Administration of 150 mg/kg KP in mice reduced the duration of immobility in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, elevated the time spent in the open arm and center zone in the elevated plus maze test, and increased the total distance traveled, average speed, and time spent in the center zone in the open field test compared with the mock group. These results indicated that KP dramatically ameliorated the depression-like behaviors. Kefir peptides were further isolated and identified using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, from which 3 peptides were identified and designated KFP-1, KFP-3, and KFP-5. Among these peptides, administration of KFP-3 (15 AA residues) remarkably decreased immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased mobility time in the tail suspension test. Therefore, KFP-3 may be the major active peptide with antidepressant activity in KP. Overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated tropomyosin receptor kinase B, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein levels could be detected in the hippocampus under KP administration. Therefore, we suggest that KP improves depressive-like behaviors by activating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–phosphorylated tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway. Kefir peptides may serve as a new type of antidepressant dairy product and may provide potent antidepressant effects for clinical use.     

橄榄苦苷改善db/db小鼠糖尿病的肝脏转录组学及生物信息学分析

通过转录组学及其生物信息学分析,研究了橄榄苦苷缓解db/db小鼠糖尿病的肝脏差异表达基因及相关信号通路。结果发现与db/db对照组相比,橄榄苦苷处理组的539个基因发生显著变化,其中450个基因显著上调,89个基因显著下调。将上调和下调的差异表达基因在基因本体论数据库中注释,这些差异表达基因主要在细胞过程、细胞部分和结合中分布。京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析结果显示上调的差异表达基因主要富集在磷酸肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B信号通路途径,该通路共涉及27个差异表达基因;下调的差异表达基因主要富集在花生四烯酸代谢和真核生物中核糖体的生物发生信号通路途径,分别涉及4个差异表达基因。本研究为进一步阐明橄榄苦苷缓解2型糖尿病的分子机制奠定了基础。     

畜禽宰后肌肉能量代谢与肉品质研究进展

畜禽宰后肌肉通过糖酵解等能量代谢途径提供ATP满足能量需要,产物乳酸的生成会降低pH。糖酵解的速度和程度影响了pH的下降速度和程度,进而调控肉品色泽、嫩度、持水性、多汁性、风味等品质。本文综述了畜禽宰后肌肉能量代谢的基本路径,论述了腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶对糖酵解的调控机理及其对肉品质的影响,并着重叙述了白肌肉(pale soft and exudative meat,PSE)的预防措施,为在生产过程中肉品质调控提供思路。     

苹果醋发酵过程中L-苯丙氨酸促进乙酸-2-苯乙酯的合成

为了初步研究食品添加剂L-苯丙氨酸对苹果醋发酵过程中的特征性香气成分乙酸-2-苯乙酯的合成途径及关键酶活的影响,采用HS-SPME-GC-MS和ELISA,检测各合成相关基质生成量和关键酶活性的变化。结果表明,不同添加量的L-苯丙氨酸有明显促进乙酸-2-苯乙酯及其相关合成基质生成量积累的作用,并且对ADH、AAT的酶活性也有一定的促进作用,而对Esterase酶活性有抑制作用。其中当L-苯丙氨酸添加量为8 g/L时,乙酸-2-苯乙酯生成量显著提高了43.76%～86.59%。因此,本试验初步将8 g/L作为L-苯丙氨酸的最佳添加量,初步推测L-苯丙氨酸通过醇酰基转移酶途径促进乙酸-2-苯乙酯的合成及其相关基质和关键酶活的生成量,赋予苹果醋产品更多独特的香气和风味,为生产工艺提供一定的参考依据。     

BTH处理对采后草莓果实还原势和抗病性的调控作用

为明确苯丙噻唑硫代乙酸甲酯(BTH)处理抑制草莓果实采后灰霉病的相关机理,本研究分析了BTH对果实在20 ℃贮藏期间还原势及抗病性的调控作用。结果显示,单一BTH处理在贮藏1 d后可有效诱导草莓果实磷酸戊糖代谢途径关键酶G6PDH(葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶)、6PGDH(6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶)活性以及AsA-GSH(抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环)循环关键酶MDHAR(单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶)、DHAR(脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶)、GR(谷胱甘肽还原酶)和APX(抗坏血酸过氧化物酶)活性的上升,促进NADPH(还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸)、GSH(还原型谷胱甘肽)和AsA(抗坏血酸)等还原性物质含量的上升,并抑制NADP⁺(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷磷酸)、GSSG(氧化型谷胱甘肽)和DHA(脱氢抗坏血酸)等氧化产物的合成,从而提高果实内部还原势;伴随着还原势的升高,果实中FaPR1、FaPR5、FaCHI-1和Faβglu等PRs基因表达丰度出现明显的上升趋势,同时果实由Botrytis cinerea导致的灰霉病发病率显著(p<0.05)降低。另一方面,经BTH处理的果实在接种病原菌B. cinerea后,其果实内PPP(磷酸戊糖)途径和AsA-GSH循环关键酶活性以及PRs基因表达丰度在整个贮藏期间出现较单一BTH处理更为显著的提高(p<0.05),同时果实发病率和病斑直径也显著下降(p<0.05)。这些结果说明,0.1 mmol/L BTH可通过诱导Priming抗性,使草莓果实在受到B. cinerea侵染时产生强烈抗病性;同时,BTH处理可提高PPP途径和AsA-GSH循环关键酶活性,促进果实中还原性物质积累,从而为PRs基因表达提供高还原势的有利环境。