混合稀土抗菌活性测定及与抗生素联用效果

本项试验首次采用双层琼脂平板稀释法对混合稀土硝酸盐（ＲＥ（ＮＯ_３）_３·７Ｈ_２Ｏ）进行了抗菌活性最低抑菌浓度ＭＩＣ的测定，同时测定了混合稀土与抗生素联合应用的抗菌效果。结果表明混合稀土对金黄色葡萄球菌等６种标准菌的最低抑菌浓度ＭＩＣ在１０００～１５００μｇ／ｍＬ之间，已与化学类抗菌药物的抗菌效果接近；混合稀土与四环素类抗生素有着较好的协同抑菌作用。试验结果再次显示出混合稀土具有良好的药理学性质。所采用的试验方法对于进一步研究比较不同化学性质稀土间的抗菌作用强弱提供了可定量化检验测定的研究实验方法。     

Resistance monitoring of aluminum plates to microbiologically influenced corrosion using FFT impedance spectroscopy methods

It is well know that formation of a passive oxide film on aluminum can enhance its corrosion resistance. However, microbiologically species are able to damage this film. Microbial adhesion is widely accepted as important stage prior to the induction or initiation of biocorrosion. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Cladosprioum sp. have been commonly associated with the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of aluminum and its alloys. In this study, the effect of an organic dye (Quinizarin), on the resistance of aluminum plates to MIC has been investigated by some corrosion monitoring methods such as FFT impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). In this work, the surface of aluminum plates were changed after exposing them (five types: only polished, anodized, anodized and colored, anodized and colored and sealed) to Pseudomonas aeuroginosa in ASW (artificial sea water) as a microbial culture. The results showed that, the mentioned color caused a decrease in the growth of bacteria, because the color acts a protected layer on the surface of aluminum. This characteristic can reduce intensity of biocorrosion on aluminum plates, so the anodized and colored and sealed plates have the most resistance to MIC, and it can be shown and proven by these techniques which are mentioned above.     

基于MIC的快速角点提取改进算法研究

针对MIC算子不能区分部分边缘点和角点的缺陷,提出一种自适应边缘点滤除算法。在边缘清晰的情况下,使用求USAN区域的方法过滤掉边缘点;在边缘模糊的情况下,使用模板较大的插值方法在核心点邻域计算其角点响应值。实验证明,该算法能够很好地区分出边缘点和角点。     

一种基于MATLAB的圆度评定方法

圆度的评定和计算 ,实质上是根据圆度的定义构造函数模型、再进行函数优化求解的过程。提出一种基于MATLAB的圆度评定方法 ,利用MATLAB优化工具箱 ,为采用最小区域圆法、最小二乘圆法、最小外接圆法和最大内接圆法实现圆度的评定提供了新的选择。     

基于MIC的深度置信网络研究

传统的深度置信网络(DBNs)训练过程采用重构误差作为RBM网络的评价指标,它能在一定程度上反映网络对训练样本的似然度,但它并不是可靠的。而最大信息系数(MIC)能反映两个属性间的相关度,保留相关度较大的属性,且MIC较稳健,不易受异常值的影响,可作为网络评价指标。故提出一种基于最大信息系数(MIC)的深度置信网络方法,一方面用MIC对数据进行降维预处理,提高数据与网络的拟合度,降低网络分类误差;另一方面将MIC作为网络评价标准,改进重构误差的不可靠性。分别利用传统方法与基于MIC的深度置信网络方法对手写数据集MNIST和USPS进行分类实验,结果表明,基于MIC的深度置信网络方法能有效地提高识别率。     

Influence of bacterial exopolymers on cell adhesion of Desulfovibrio vulgaris on high alloyed steel: Corrosion inhibition by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were studied with regard to their potential application as inhibitors of biocorrosion. EPS that have been isolated from biofilms of sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) were adsorbed on samples of high alloyed steel (type 1.4301) at different temperatures. The samples were exposed to SRB containing solution and afterwards analysed by fluorescence microscopy (FM). The results show that the EPS form an incomplete layer and lead to a smaller amount of cell adhesion when compared to pure surfaces. The results are discussed with regard to the application of EPS for the prevention of biofilm formation.     

In-situ X-ray Diffraction study of Metal Induced Crystallization of amorphous silicon

By covering amorphous silicon (a-Si) with a thin metal film, it is possible to lower the crystallization temperature of the a-Si (typically around 800 °C when using ramp anneals) to levels which can be used in a manufacturing process. This phenomenon of Metal Induced Crystallization (MIC) has been reported previously for Ni, Au and Al. In this work, in-situ X-ray Diffraction was used to study the MIC process for 20 different metals (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Al). The 7 metals which lower the crystallization temperature the most are Ni, Pt, Pd, Cu, Au, Al and Ag. The crystallization kinetics were studied in detail for these 7 materials. In order to explain the MIC process, two models where used depending on the interaction of the metal with Si (eutectic or compound forming).     

Identification of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in industrial equipment failures

The present study demonstrates different approaches towards MIC identification in three real cases of technological equipment failures.

In the first case the failure of carbon steel heat exchanger as a result of tubes, lids, tube sheets, and connection pipes clogging was investigated. Chemical analysis of cooling water and precipitates, as well laboratory screening of deposits for bacteria, revealed that activity of iron-oxidizing bacteria present in cooling water led to heat exchanger blockage.

The second case is related to MIC detection on floating roofs made of magnesium–aluminum alloy following a 3-weeks hydro-test. Corrosion tests carried out on the original and sterilized water used in hydro-test confirmed MIC process.

In the third case the potential of MIC occurrence in engine cooling system made of cast aluminum alloy and filled with 20% ethylene glycol coolant solution was evaluated. The simulation tests allowed determining the real causes of the severe corrosion attack of examined system, including MIC high probability.     

Microbiologically influenced corrosion of steels by thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria

Bacterial influenced corrosion of AISI 316 stainless steels (SS) and ASTM A36 carbon steel by two strains of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were analyzed. Thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria were isolated from the condensate fluid of “Los Azufres”, a geothermal electric field located in the State of Michoacan at Central Mexico. Anaerobic corrosion tests were carried out for 15, 30 and 60 days in lactate‐containing media at 50 °C and 40 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine corrosion morphology. Pitting density was determined with an optical microscope. Corrosion potential, anodic potentiodynamic polarization curves and pH values were measured under anaerobic conditions. Results show that the microbial activity influenced the overall corrosion process, whereas, pitting corrosion and localized attack corrosion (LAC) were found. The anodic polarization curves show that passivation and activation processes should take place on the steel surface of the sample and pH decreases as the exposure time increases.     

Resistance to ��-lactams in Bacteria Isolated from Different Types of Portuguese Cheese

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of β-lactam-resistant bacteria in six different types of Portuguese cheese. The numbers of ampicillin resistant (AMP^r) bacteria varied from 4.7 × 10² to 1.5 × 10⁷ CFU/g. Within 172 randomly selected β-lactam-resistant bacteria, 44 resistant phenotypes were found and 31.4% were multidrug resistant. The majority (85%) of the isolates identified belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family. The presence of the bla_TEM gene was detected in 80.9% of the tested isolates. The results suggest that without thermal processing of the milk and good hygienic practices, cheese may act as a vehicle of transfer of β-lactam-resistant bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract of consumers.