Precise micromachining of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic using 532 nm nanosecond laser

High quality micro-sized steps and blind hole structures without microcracks, chips or spatter deposition were machined on yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP, 3 mol% yttria) by nanosecond laser (wavelength=532 nm, pulse width ~6 ns). The diameter of blind hole is 500 μm and each step is 500±10 μm wide and 100±5 μm deep. The 1.35 mm³/min removal rate and the smooth machined surface with Ra=2.824 μm roughness depicting the high precise and efficient processing were achieved. The ablation characteristics of nanosecond laser process of Y-TZP ceramic were also studied. Based on the study, a reasonable design of the processing path for micromachining of a finer embedded step with 24±2 μm width (smaller than the 60 μm focused spot size) around the inner-wall of a 2×2 mm² cavity was developed. These results and discussion offer new possibilities in the manufacturing of bio-ceramic products by nanosecond laser with high processing quality and efficient.     

基于MAS的加工中心协同开发系统框架及建模

构建具有一定智能响应特征的加工中心协同开发系统对于缩短产品开发周期具有重要作用。为实现加工中心分布式协同设计软件系统的构造,通过分析系统开发需求,利用目前分布式智能软件系统研究的主流技术——MAS（Multi-Agent System）技术建立了系统的框架。针对系统拟实现的总任务,将系统分为不同的功能模块,并构造具有不同功能的Agents组织,描述了系统的开发框架和网络体系结构,对Agents之间的交互进行定义,最后利用统一建模语言（UML）对系统进行建模。加工中心协同开发系统框架和模型的建立为真正实现具有完善功能的软件系统奠定了坚实的基础,可在很大程度上避免软件开发的失败。     

加工中心主轴箱虚拟样机设计

设计整体采用无级变速交流电机串联变速箱有级调速的方式,变速箱转速切换采用拨叉拨动输入轴两组双联齿轮滑移改变传动比,使主轴在转速范围内输出16级转速。操纵机构采用双液压缸带动拨叉操纵双联齿轮,使输入轴齿轮切换啮合位点。在中间轴采用电磁式离合器快速切换各级转速,合理利用主轴箱空间的同时,提高了整体的传动效率,整体设计符合自动化的要求。     

机械加工工艺系统振动与新型阻尼镗杆

机械加工工艺系统的振动是不可避免的,产生振动的因素很多,但可以通过减振和消振措施进行改善.推荐一种能防止镗刀杆弯曲和具有减振效果的轻型刀头的阻尼镗杆,它可大大提高切削效率和加工质量、减少换刀次数和节约工具成本.     

加工中心设备选型探讨

为了提高企业的竞争力,越来越多的企业在技术改造中选用加工中心,因此加工中心的选型倍受关注。本文就多数企业在加工中心选型时存在的问题进行了剖析,提出了加工中心在选型时应遵循的原则,主要从规格型号、数控系统、刀库与刀具交换装置、生产厂家等方面进行综合考虑。     

Digital Manufacture Techniques for Large Hydro Turbine's Blades

Blades are one of the vital components and most difficulty in manufacturing of large hydro turbines.In order to cost-effectively and productively manufacture these kinds of blades,a series of digital techniques in manufacturing have been devel- oped,which includes digital design of hydro turbine blades based on manufacture' requirements,Computer-aided location and the machined error evaluation by using 3-dimensional digitized measuring,tool path generation strategy to meet requirements of en- hancing machining efficiency and controlling deviation in NC machining,tool path generation and NC machining simulation by es- tablishing a virtual NC machining environment for blades,and reasonable and feasible strategy and the systematic scheme for man- ufacturing of large blades by using 5-axis simultaneous CNC machining.The developed digital manufacture techniques have been successfully applied in manufacturing of both the large Kaplan and Francis hydraulic turbine blades;it shows that higher efficiency and the better surfaces finish accuracy can be achieved.     

A genetic algorithm-based artificial neural network model for the optimization of machining processes

Artificial intelligent tools like genetic algorithm, artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic are found to be extremely useful in modeling reliable processes in the field of computer integrated manufacturing (for example, selecting optimal parameters during process planning, design and implementing the adaptive control systems). When knowledge about the relationship among the various parameters of manufacturing are found to be lacking, ANNs are used as process models, because they can handle strong nonlinearities, a large number of parameters and missing information. When the dependencies between parameters become noninvertible, the input and output configurations used in ANN strongly influence the accuracy. However, running of a neural network is found to be time consuming. If genetic algorithm-based ANNs are used to construct models, it can provide more accurate results in less time. This article proposes a genetic algorithm-based ANN model for the turning process in manufacturing Industry. This model is found to be a time-saving model that satisfies all the accuracy requirements.     

基于正交试验的加工过程伺服系统参数优选

针对加工过程伺服系统参数优选问题,提出一种基于正交试验的伺服系统参数优选方法。在分析、建立加工过程模型的基础上,选取伺服系统参数优选正交试验的因素与水平、指标,进而搭建伺服系统仿真平台并进行仿真试验,通过数据分析、参数优选得到伺服系统的最优参数,以改善系统动态性能和稳定性能。结果表明:对于n=600 r/min、Kn=1 mm/(V·s)、Ks=1670 N/mm2、Ke=2 mm、p=1的加工系统,其伺服系统的最优参数是指数m=0.6、阻尼系数ζ=0.8、自然频率ωn=30 rad/s。     

Techniques for accelerating B-rep based parallel machining simulation

Continued progress in the area of solid modeller based machining process simulation is hindered by the complexity growth that occurs for a large number of tool-paths, n. For this reason, many researchers have adopted the Z-buffer approach. Boundary-representation (B-rep), however, remains the dominant choice for commercial computer aided design and manufacturing software. In this paper, it is shown that, under practical 2 1/2 D machining assumptions, the total number of tool-path neighbour pairs is O(n), and therefore the average ratio of simulated to subtracted tool-paths remains constant. Tool-path neighbours are grouped and simulated in parallel, greatly reducing wall clock running time. Running time is further reduced by filtering the intersection graph for edges and faces that are relevant to the cutter immersion. This information is subsequently used to discard irrelevant and time consuming intersection operations. Overall, a 90% decrease in wall clock running time was achieved.     

Machining feature-based similarity assessment algorithms for prismatic machined parts

This paper presents algorithms for identifying machined parts in a database that are similar to a given query part based on machining features. In this paper we only consider parts that are machined on 3-axis machining centers. We utilize reduced feature vectors consisting of machining feature access directions, feature types, feature volumes, feature dimensional tolerances and feature group cardinality as a basis for assessing shape similarity. We have defined a distance function between two sets of reduced feature vectors to assess the similarity between them from the machining effort point of view. To assess the similarity between the two parts, one set of reduced feature vectors is transformed in space using rigid body transformations with respect to the other set such that the distance between them is minimized. The distance between the two sets of aligned reduced feature vectors is used as a measure of similarity between the two parts. The existing machined parts are rank ordered based on the value of the distance with respect to the query part. The cost of previously machined parts that have a very small distance from the query part can be used as a basis for estimating the cost of machining the new part.