Mechanical and fracture investigation of magnesia refractories with acoustic emission-based method

In this study, the fracture behaviour of magnesia, magnesia chrome and magnesia spinel (MgAl₂O₄ and FeAl₂O₄) refractories under wedge splitting test are qualitatively and quantitatively investigated with the acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC). First of all, the concepts of characteristic widths are proposed for estimating the brittleness of refractory materials according to the shape of load-displacement curve and validated by their good correlation with the characteristic length. Besides, the AE data are analyzed with AE parameter-based approaches and offer new insight into the fracture behaviour of refractory materials, including the classification of the cracking events in grains and in matrix, the distinction between the tensile mode and shear mode damage, and the visualization of the fracture process zone development. It confirms that the pre-existing micro-crack networks in refractories are favourable for the brittleness reduction, which enhance their nonlinear fracture behaviour and thermal shock resistance.     

R-curves determination of ordinary refractory ceramics assisted by digital image correlation method

As a figure-of-merit, the rising ratio of crack propagation resistance to fracture initiation resistance indicates a reduction of the brittleness and enhances the thermal shock resistance of ordinary refractory ceramics. The significant nonlinear fracture behaviour is related to the development of a fracture process zone (FPZ). The universal dimensionless load–displacement diagram method is applied as a promising graphical method for the determination of R-curves for magnesia refractories showing different brittleness. By applying digital image correlation (DIC) together with the graphical method, the problems arisen with accurate determination of the fracture initiation resistance and the crack length are overcome. Meanwhile, the R-curve is subdivided with respect to the fracture processes, viz the fracture initiation, the development of FPZ and the onset of traction free macro-crack. With the simultaneous crack lengths evaluated from DIC, the contribution of each fracture process to the crack propagation resistance at certain loading stage is quantitatively presented.     

Effect of nano-titania (η-TiO2) content on the mechano-physical properties of a magnesia refractory composite

The mechano-physical properties of a sintered magnesia matrix containing 0–8 wt% nano-titania (η-TiO₂) have been investigated. The crystalline phases and microstructure characteristics of the refractory specimens sintered by solid state at 1500 °C for 4 h in an electric furnace were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with microanalysis (EDS), respectively. The physical properties are reported in terms of density and porosity. The mechanical behavior was evaluated by a cold crushing strength (CCS) test. As a result, it was found that the presence of η-TiO₂ in the magnesia matrix induced titanates formation (Mg₂TiO₄ and CaTiO₃), which improved the sintering process. Nano-titania also produced a fine-grained microstructure with intergranular second phase particles, which remain at the boundary and exert a pinning effect. In general, the addition of 5 wt% of η-TiO₂ contributed to reach a maximum increment in physical and mechanical properties.     

锆英石微粉对镁质浇注料性能的影响

研究了锆英石微粉对镁质浇注料结构及性能的影响。结果表明：微粉粒径一定时,控制锆英石微粉加入量可以明显改善镁质浇注料显微结构和性能。由于MgO同ZrSiO4反应形成的ZrO2,能吸收渣中的CaO形成CaZrO3,堵塞材料中的气孔,同时提高熔海粘度,抑制了渣的渗透。     

氧化镁对凝胶结合氧化铝空心球浇注料性能的影响

以不同粒度氧化铝空心球为原料,以由二氧化硅微粉形成的凝胶为结合剂,制成了氧化铝空心球浇注料。在浇注料中添加电熔镁砂,研究电熔镁砂中的氧化镁对凝胶结合氧化铝空心球浇注料性能的影响。     

用后镁碳砖回收料加入量和粒度对镁碳砖性能的影响

对钢包用后镁碳砖进行拣选、除杂、破碎、颗粒分离处理,制成回收料,研究回收料加入量和粒度对镁碳砖性能的影响.结果发现:(1)引入回收料均不同程度降低了镁碳砖的致密度、常温耐压强度、高温抗折强度和抗渣侵蚀性,以引入≤0.074 mm回收料对其各项性能降低程度影响最大.(2)引入5～3 mm回收料对镁碳砖致密度影响最小,平均引入1%质量分数的5～3 mm回收料,其体积密度降低0.003 9 g·cm-3,显气孔率增加0.108 7%.(3)引入3 ～1 mm 回收料对镁碳砖常温耐压强度和高温抗折强度影响最小,乎均引入1%质量分数的3 ～1 mm回收料,其常温耐压强度降低1.66 MPa,高温抗折强度降低0.11 MPa.     

对再生镁碳砖制备过程中碳化铝的研究

针对在镁碳砖或再生镁碳砖制备过程中被公认为有害物质的碳化铝进行了研究。在所研究的热处理温度范围内,确定了碳化铝的形成机理。在实验中研究了热处理温度和石墨加入量对碳化铝(Al4C3)形成的影响。     

外掺氧化镁混凝土性能研究综述

总结分析了外掺氧化镁混凝土的力学性能、变形性能和长期耐久性能,研究表明外掺氧化镁能显著改善混凝土的干缩、自生体积变形、徐变和抗渗、抗冻和抗冲磨性能,略微降低混凝土的弹模,可以延缓混凝土的碳化速度,减小碳化深度。总体而言,外掺氧化镁混凝土的部分性能优于普通混凝土,但要谨慎选择氧化镁的掺量和细度。     

Chelants to inhibit magnesia (MgO) hydration

Magnesium oxide (MgO) presents excellent refractoriness and high resistance to basic slag. However, in the presence of water, MgO undergoes an expansive hydration reaction generating Mg(OH)₂, which can lead to swelling and cracking. In this work, additives called chelants were added to dead burnt magnesia suspensions in order to check their effectiveness as inhibitors of the magnesium oxide hydration. Zeta potential, ionic conductivity, pH and temperature measurements were used to provide information related to the magnesia surface and the chelant adsorption. Assessment of the hydration degree and volumetric expansion provided indications of the amount of Mg(OH)₂ formed, as well as its likelihood to damage the ceramic bodies. The results showed that citric acid can inhibit hydration to some extent, whereas ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was more effective in preventing volume expansion. An addition of 0.3 wt% of these chelants was sufficient to prevent hydration and avoid expansion.     

闪速炉用镁铬砖的研制与应用

简要介绍了闪速炉用耐火材料国产化工作的现状 ,阐述了闪速炉用镁铬砖的研制、使用和损毁情况。认为现在完全可以实现闪速炉用耐火材料的国产化