A study of various zeolites and CuFe2O4 spinel composite catalysts in steam reforming and hydrolysis of dimethyl ether

The catalytic performance of the composite catalysts of CuFe₂O₄ spinel and various zeolites for steam reforming and hydrolysis of dimethyl ether (DME SR and DME HYD) was investigated. The catalytic activity for DME SR and DME HYD was affected by the type of zeolites and the durability of the CuFe₂O₄ spinel catalysts composed of various zeolites was lower than those composed of alumina as solid acids. Based on several characterizations, the difference of types of zeolite led to the formation of various carbonaceous species on the catalysts during DME SR and DME HYD. The deactivation due to the coke formation was suppressed by the pre-heat treatments in air as a result of the decreasing acid strength. This high durability with heat treatment was obvious for the composite catalyst of CuFe₂O₄ and ZSM-5 (MFI) type zeolite in DME SR. In contrast, the heat treatment did not enhance the durability of the ferrierite (FER) type zeolite composite catalyst.     

Effect of additive V2O5 on sintering mechanism and properties of inert anodes of NiFe2O4 spinel

In order to improve the properties of inert anode of NiFe2O4 spinel, some additive V2O5 was added to raw materials-powders of NiO and Fe2O3. The powders of NiO, Fe2O3 were mixed with slight amount of V2O5, then they are moulded and sintered at 1200℃ for 6h. The sintering mechanism of powders of NiO and Fe2O3 with some additive V2 O5 was researched. The effect of V2O5 on density, electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of inert anode of NiFe2O4 spinel was studied at the same time. The results show that the sintering mechanism for powders of NiO and Fe2O3 with some additive V2O5 is liquid-phase sintering. Additive V2O5 can increase the density of the samples, especially it improves the corrosion resistance of the samples remarkably. When the amount of V2 O5 is 1.5 ,, the sample''s corrosion rate is 1/80 of that of sample without V2 O5. But the electrical conductivity of the samples with V2O5 is lower than that of the sample without V2O5.     

Ni-Cu-Fe-Al合金在850℃空气中的氧化行为

为研发铝电解惰性阳极连接导杆新材料,采用粉末冶金法制备Ni-Cu-Fe-Al四元合金,在850℃的空气气氛中进行氧化实验,并用XRD、SEM、EDS等测试设备对其表面氧化膜的成分、形貌和组成进行分析.结果表明,在该合金表面形成的氧化膜连续、致密,分为内、中、外三层,外层以铜镍复合氧化膜为主,中间层分布着岛状的铁氧化物,其中含有一定数量的NiFe2O4尖晶石相,内层为连续致密的Al3O3膜,能阻碍元素扩散,从而有效提高合金的高温抗氧化性能.     

Effect of Pore–Grain-Boundary Interactions on Discontinuous Grain Growth

Pore behavior as influenced by migration of an abnormal grain boundary was studied. The pore behavior during the discontinuous growth of hot-pressed spinel (MgAl₂O₄) — whether the pore can move attached to the grain boundary — is particularly governed by the pore size and the matrix grain size. These phenomena can be understood from the interaction between the pore and the abnormal grain boundary.     

Physicochemical Investigation of the Reaction of Components of the Si — Al — O — N — Ti System in the Si3N4 — Al2O3 — AlN — SiO2 — TiN — TiO2 Region. Part 2. Subsystems Si3N4 — AlN,TiN — AlN,Al2O3 — AlN

The reaction of components of the Si — Al — O — N — Ti system in its elements Si ₃N₄ — AlN, TiN — AlN, and Al ₂O ₃ — AlN was investigated by differential thermal and x-ray diffraction analysis. It was established that upon hot pressing mixtures of Si₃N ₄ and AlN (up to 1950°C) free silicon is formed by the decomposition of Si ₃N₄, which reacts with oxygen present as an impurity to form SiO. When TiN reacts with AlN a phase with the spinel structure (Al₂₃O ₂₇N ₅), which can form only in the presence of excess oxygen, appears in addition to the initial components. Spinel is also produced by the reaction of Al ₂O₃ with AlN. In this case a eutectic between Al ₂₃O₂₇N₅ and Al₂O₃ is observed.     

Mechanically Induced Cation Redistribution and Spin Canting in Nickel Ferrite

The structural and magnetic evolution in nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) caused by high-energy milling are investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy. It is found that the nanostructural state of the milled NiFe₂O₄ is characterized by a reduced concentration of iron ions on tetrahedral sites. The degree of inversion in NiFe₂O₄ is calculated from the subspectral area ratio of both high- and zero-field Mössbauer spectra. Several interesting features are involved in the work, e.g., superparamagnetic relaxation, mechanically induced cation redistribution, and spin-canting effect.     

添加剂对NiFe2O4尖晶石性能的影响

研究了3种添加剂对NiFe2O4尖晶石性能和微观结构的影响.对试样的体积密度、三点抗弯强度、抗热震性、导电率进行了测试,并结合SEM和EDX进行了微观结构分析.结果表明,添加剂M使试样的体积密度变化最快,含有3%M试样的抗弯强度较纯尖晶石提高了25MPa,添加T的试样热震性最好,添加剂M和T均能提高试样的导电能力.     

MnO2/NiCo2O4复合材料的控制合成及其电化学性能研究

采用两步合成法制备了MnO_2/NiCo_2O_4核壳结构纳米棒,使用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和电化学工作站研究了其形貌特征和电化学性能。研究结果表明,在α-MnO_2纳米棒上生长了均匀的NiCo_2O_4纳米片,这种核壳结构纳米棒所制备的电极在充放电电流密度为0.5A/g时比电容达到了434F/g,明显比纯α-MnO_2的比电容(256F/g)高,循环测试2 000次后,比电容保留量为91.8%,表现出了优秀的电化学性能,具有广阔的应用前景。     

自蔓燃法合成MgO-MgO·Al_2O_3材料的显微结构

自变燃法（简称SHS：Self-propagatingHightemperatureSgnthesis）合成MgO－MgO·Al2O3耐火材料是一种新的工艺方法。岩相分析证明：该方法合成的材料具有大颗粒方镁石＋中颗粒方镁石＋铬和尖晶石交织气孔构造。反应合成的尖晶石将方镁石包裹起来,使材料具有更好的使用性能。     

Effect of lithium content on the electrochemical properties of solid-state-synthesized spinel LixMn2O4

Lithium-substituted LixMn2O4 (x = 0.98, 1.03, 1.08) spinel samples were synthesized by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the prepared samples have a spinel structure with a space group of Fd 3 m. The cubic lattice parameter was determined from least-squares fitting of the XRD data. Li1.03Mn2O4 shows high capacity at both low and high current densities, while Li1.08Mn2O4 shows good cycling performance but relatively low capacity when cycled at both room and elevated temperatures. A variety of electrochemical methods were employed to investigate the electro- chemical properties of these series of spinel LixMn2O4.