MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS ON FERROFLUIDS

Magnetic measurements on ferrofluids can be used to determine the magnetic concentration which may be as large as 15% by volume in a very viscous fluid. Additional information on the particle size distribution parameters and the mode of magnetisation can be obtained from an analysis of the magnetisation curve. Magnetic studies are also invaluable for a correct interpretation of the magnetic dichroism, birefringence and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) data. Measurements on a ferrofluid after freezing enables the shape anisotropy to be determined and the degree of particle elongation (∼15%) calculated.     

Synthesis and characterization of a new water-soluble endohedral metallofullerene for MRI contrast agents

Water-soluble amino acid derivatives of gadolinium (Gd) endohedral metallofullerenes (AAD-EMFs), Gd@C₈₂O_m(OH)_n(NHCH₂CH₂COOH)_l (m ≈ 6, n ≈ 16 and l ≈ 8) are synthesized by a direct reaction of the pure endohedral metallofullerene Gd@C₈₂ with an excess of alkaline solution of β-alanine. The structure of the AAD-EMFs is characterized by FTIR, XPS and laser-desorption time-of-flight (LD-TOF) mass spectrometries. Water proton relaxivity analysis indicates that the longitudinal relaxivity R₁ (the effect on 1/T₁, 9.1 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹) of AAD-EMFs is higher than that of the commercial MRI contrast agent, Magnevist (gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, Gd-DTPA, 5.6 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹). The MRI phantom studies are performed to confirm the high efficiency of this sample as MRI contrast agents.     

Extraction of 2-hydroxyphenol by surfactant coated nanosized magnetic particles

A colloidal suspension of magnetic particles coated with double layer surfactant molecules was prepared, characterized and used for separation of some chemicals. The aqueous magnetic fluid was prepared by chemical precipitation method and characterized by total organic carbon analyzer (TOC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TOC and TGA measurements indicate that the prepared magnetic particles are coated with surfactant molecules in double layers. The outer surfactant layer has free polar heads. TEM measurement results show that magnetic particles are nanosized. A mixture of 2-hydroxyphenol (strong polar) and 2-nitrophenol (weak polar) was chosen as the target system. Results show that the magnetic fluid can selectively adsorb 2-hydroxyphenol from the mixture, whereas the adsorption of 2-nitrophenol is insignificant. For 2-hydroxyphenol, the adsorption equilibrium can be described well by Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption kinetic can be fitted well by a linear driving force mass transfer model.     

磁力驱动器涡流损失的研究

对磁力驱动器金属隔离套在交变磁场中引起的涡流损失进行了理论计算 ,并与实测结果进行了对比。指出合理选择金属隔离套的相关参数 ,可以有效控制涡流损失的大小     

Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate on magnetite nanoparticles

The synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles coated with a well-defined graft polymer is reported. The magnetite nanoparticles with an initiator group for copper-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), 2-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl) ethyltrichlorosilane (CTCS) chemically bound on their surfaces were prepared by the self-assembled monolayer-deposition method. The surface-initiated ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out with the CTCS-coated magnetite nanoparticles in the presence of free (sacrificing) initiator, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Polymerization proceeded in a living fashion, exhibiting first-order kinetics of monomer consumption and a proportional relationship between molecular weight of the graft polymer and monomer conversion, thus providing well-defined, low-polydispersity graft polymers with an approximate graft density of 0.7 chains/nm². The molecular weight and polydispersity of the graft polymer were nearly equal to those of the free polymer produced in the solution, meaning that the free polymer is a good measure of the characteristics of the graft polymer. The graft polymer possessed exceptionally high stability and remarkably improved dispersibility of the magnetite nanoparticles in organic solvent.     

制备Fe_4N磁粉的优化工艺研究

本文是在固定床反应器中由γ-Fe2O3制备Fe4N磁粉优化工艺的实验研究，通过正交试验法得出了获得高质量Fe4N磁粉的优化工艺参数．     

THE EFFECT OF A MAGNETIC FIELD ON NATURAL CONVECTION IN A SHALLOW CAVITY HEATED FROM BELOW

A numerical study is presented for magnetohydrodynamic free convection of an electrically conducting fluid in a shallow cavity heated from below and cooled from above. The side walls are maintained adiabatic. A uniform magnetic field, inclined with an angle 0 with respect to the horizontal plane, is externally imposed. The investigation covers the range of the Rayleigh number, Ra, from 1.8 × 10₃ to 3 x 10₄the Hartmann number, Ha, from 0 to 35, the Prandtl number, Pr, from 0.005 to 1 and aspect ratio of the cavity, A = 6. The effect of the magnetic field on the flow structure is presented. For supercritical convection it is found that, upon increasing Ha, the number of roll cells in the cavity increases when it is perpendicular to it. The imposition of an inclined magnetic field gives rise to new flow patterns with tilted lateral cell walls. The effect of both strength and orientation of the magnetic field on the overall heat transfer is found to be significant.     

古汉字中远古饮食文化钩沉

古汉字是今人追溯和研究中国饮食文化源的不可忽视的重要经典。从“果”、“蓏”、“实”、“隹”、“有”、“将”诸字可知,先民开发利用食材的过程充满了理性思考;而从渔到猎的过渡,猎食水鸟是一个转折点。“熏”、“熟”、“庶”、“汤”诸字传递出先民对“熟”的理解和把握;而饮食生活实践最终上升为一种哲学思辨,充分体现了中国烹饪工艺在发展过程中体现出的伟大智慧。     

深井裸眼封隔器分段酸压管柱打捞实践

安岳气田灯影组气藏广泛采用大斜度井/水平井裸眼封隔器分段酸压工艺试油完井,悬挂封隔器及下部管柱被“永久性”留在井下。如果利用原裸眼侧钻,则需要打捞分段酸压管柱至套管鞋以下30 m左右。MX126井和GS121井前期打捞作业历时均超过50 d,打捞效率非常低,主要原因为：悬挂封隔器双向锚定,裸眼封隔器和连接油管埋卡严重且位于大斜度井段,压井后长时间静止埋卡越来越严重;钻井液压井后切割油管受阻,没有完成落鱼切割分段;套磨铣导致封隔器解体,倒扣时落鱼出现多处退扣,倒扣打捞效率低。针对上述问题,优化了打捞技术措施：钻井液压井前,采用泵送径向切割工艺在清水中切割油管,确保切割成功率;采用带压拔出插管循环压井,缩短钻井液浸泡时间,降低次生卡钻风险;优选磨铣工具和打捞工具,优化磨铣工艺和震击解卡打捞工艺,维持落鱼完整性、力求捞出整段被切割落鱼。该技术成功应用于MX146井和GS127井后期的打捞作业,分别用时12 d和5 d。该技术可以显著提高裸眼封隔器分段酸压管柱的打捞效率,具有推广应用价值。