Detection of water ingress in composite sandwich structures: a magnetic resonance approach

Water ingress inside honeycomb sandwich panels during service has been linked to in-flight failure in some aircraft. There is an ongoing effort to develop nondestructive testing methods to detect the presence of water within the panels. Magnetic resonance (MR) represents an attractive approach in that it is sensitive to moisture. Using a unilateral MR sensor, testing can be applied directly to the surface of the panel. The viability of MR is demonstrated through laboratory imaging of both water within sandwich panels, as well as the adhesive itself. The detection of water using a one-sided handheld MR sensor is presented. It is shown that simple detection, as well as spatial localization of water within sandwich panels is possible.     

金属磁记忆检测技术概况及初步应用

介绍金属磁记忆检测技术的背景、发展、现状、目的和意义，用两个应用实例初步评价了磁记忆检测技术的有效性，提出了磁记忆技术发展的近期和远期目标，展望了应用前景。     

压力容器无损检测 --长管拖车气瓶的无损检测技术

长管拖车是新类型的压力容器,作为一种高效运输工具,在许多领域应用广泛。综述了国内外拖车气瓶在制造和使用过程采用的各种无损检测方法及标准。方法包括超声、磁粉、渗透和声发射检测等。并介绍了各种无损检测方法的特点。     

从厚壁铸钢件链轮的品质攻关看顺序凝固中温度梯度的重要性

对精加工表面磁粉探伤后出现大量微细磁痕的铸钢大链轮的原铸造工艺进行了凝固数值模拟分析 ,认为缺陷是由于顺序凝固方向上温度梯度过于平缓所致的微小缩松 ,对缺陷部位进行纵横截面的切片金相分析印证了模拟分析是正确的。据此 ,本着增大凝固方向上的温度梯度的原则用数值模拟技术进行了 15种方案的工艺优化计算并结合现场生产确定了优化方案 ,实际浇注结果表明 ,方案是成功的。进一步讨论说明 ,要获得致密的铸钢基体 ,在铸造工艺设计中应注意使凝固方向上的温度梯度足够大 ,以使液—固界面的推进方式向逐层凝固的方式靠近     

高速切削机床中的磁轴承

高效化是机械制造的永恒主题之一。本文简介了高速切削的理论依据及其优点，分析了磁悬浮轴承的原理、特点以及磁浮轴承在高速切削机床上的应用情况，从而说明了磁浮轴是高速切削机床最理想的轴承之一。     

CNG储气瓶的金属磁记忆检测

使用金属磁记忆检测方法和超声方法对在役的七组公交车CNG高压储气瓶组进行了检测,并对比分析了两种方法的检测结果。结果表明,金属磁记忆方法检测到的可疑区域涵盖了超声检测到的缺陷区域,因此用磁记忆方法检测高压储气瓶,有较高的可靠性和高效性。     

深过冷Fe76B12Si12超细晶材料的凝固组织与软磁性能

首次采用深过冷加水淬的方法,成功地制备了直径为16 mm的样品,高为15 mm,组织中颗粒平均尺寸约为120nm左右的Fe76B12Si12合金超细晶材料.其磁损耗P1T400和P1T1000分别为普通硅钢片的40%和65%.系统研究了组织类型及Fe2B(Si)相尺度对该合金软磁性能的影响,发现该合金的最佳软磁性能位于Fe2B(Si)相完全粒化的非规则共晶组织区,并且当Fe2B(Si)相尺寸细化至0.36～0.50μm时,其软磁性能随着相尺寸的减小而大幅度改善.对以上结果产生的原因进行了讨论.     

Experiment and simulation study of 3D magnetic field sensing for magnetic flux leakage defect characterisation

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is widely used to detect and characterise defects in pipelines, rail tracks and other structures. The measurement of the two field components perpendicular to the test surface and parallel to the applied field in MFL systems is well established. However, it is rarely effective when the shapes of the specimens and defects with respect to the applied field are arbitrary. In order to overcome the pitfalls of traditional MFL measurement, measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field is proposed. The study is undertaken using extensive finite element analysis (FEA) focussing on the 3D distribution of magnetic fields for defect characterisation and employing a high sensitivity 3-axis magnetic field sensor in experimental study. Several MFL tests were undertaken on steel samples, including a section of rail track. The experimental and FEA test results show that data from not only the x- and z-axes but also y-axis can give comprehensive positional information about defects in terms of shape and orientation, being especially advantageous where the defect is aligned close to parallel to the applied field. The work concludes that 3D magnetic field sensing could be used to improve the defect characterisation capabilities of existing MFL systems, especially where defects have irregular geometries.     

Numerical computation for clustering of carbon particles with various sizes under both natural and magnetizing convections

The behavior of carbon particles from 0.01 to diameters in natural convection flow field of air was numerically studied including the effect of the magnetic field and the Brownian motion. One thousand carbon particles were released randomly in a vertical cylindrical enclosure whose height is equal to its radius. The enclosure was heated from below and cooled from above to produce the bulk flow of the natural convection of air in the atmospheric condition. A coil with electric current was set coaxially at the enclosure bottom to produce a magnetic field. Sample computations are carried out for the enclosure of 3 cm high and maximum magnetic field is 2.8 T or less. The results show that the natural convection of air is enhanced by the magnetic field. With the increase in the magnetic strength, more particles go along the fluid streak lines. With the increase in the particle size, more particles get together at the vortex center and cluster.     

Characterization of multiwall carbon nanotubes and influence of surfactant in the nanocomposite processing

Carbon nanotubes prepared by a classical CVD method with a nickel catalyst have been characterized, then used as conducting anisometric objects dispersed into a polymeric matrix. In a first part, these nanotubes are structurally characterized before and after heat treatments (HTT=1500, 2000, 2500 °C). Diffusion Raman experiments and diamagnetic susceptibility experiments demonstrated their limited graphitized structures.Then, in a second step, a well defined processing way to prepare nanocomposites with a standard epoxy resin is presented. In particular, the use or not of a non-ionic surfactant (Tergitol) to disperse these nanotubes is analyzed. The influence of nanotube contents is examined on the bulk nanocomposite density, the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites, and the d.c. electrical conductivity behavior. These results demonstrated that the interfacial properties are playing a fundamental role. On one hand, the glass transition temperature is increasing with the nanotube content, and on the other hand, the percolation threshold is found for a rather high critical volumic concentration. Finally, it is demonstrated that a pure geometrical model is not sufficient to explain these behaviors and that a wrapping effect of the organic matrix around the nanotubes has to be considered.