超支化聚合物的性能、合成及其功能化应用研究

超支化聚合物，具有多端基的“缺陷核壳”空间结构，化学反应性活泼，易于改性，与相应的线型聚合物相比，拥有特殊的性能，在多领域展现出广阔的应用前景。随着合成技术的进步，它们的应用研究，尤其是功能化的应用研究，成为多年来的研究热点。主要介绍超支化聚合物的结构、性能、合成及其功能化应用研究概况。     

汽轮机轴承烧瓦与轴颈的渗巴氏合金现象

简述轴承工作性质，巴氏合金应用与相组成的基本情况。论述汽轮机转子在两个电厂长期运行后，由于轴颈发生的不正常摩擦损伤，在大修改造中由无损检查、机械加工揭示出轴颈存在严重的渗巴氏合金现象，低熔点金属Sn、Sb与Cu向转子材料晶界的深层渗入最终导致了3根大型在投转子的严重开裂与报废。图11表2     

新的载体媒介传递膜

总结了近几年研究和发展的几种载体媒介传递膜。与支撑液膜相比，这些膜具有好的稳定性和长的寿命。对某些物质，如重金属离子、小分子中性碳氢化合物、氨基酸等有高的选择性和通量。它们的传递机理为固定位置跳跃或移动和固定载体2种机理结合。这些研究有望在环境、生物等技术领域中应用。     

Determination of polymer–polymer interaction parameters using inverse gas chromatography

A modified method is discussed that is based on Farooque and Deshpande's method to obtain polymer–polymer interaction parameters using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) data. In the Farooque and Deshpande method, the ratio of the difference of probe–polymer interaction parameters between two polymers and the probe volume [(χ₁₂ ? χ₁₃)/V₁] is used as the abscissa. In the modified method, the ratio [(?₂χ₁₂ + ?₃χ₁₃)/V₁] is used as the abscissa. Experimental data previously reported for a poly(?‐caprolactone)‐polyepichlorohydrin (PCL/PECH) blend and a poly(ethyl acrylate)‐poly(vinyl propionate) (PEA/PVPr) blend are analyzed. It is found that the slopes obtained by the new method had smaller deviations from the theoretical values than the Farooque and Deshpande method. The standard deviations of both slopes and intercepts obtained from the new method are also smaller. Using the new method, the polymer–polymer interaction parameters obtained from the intercept are negative numbers for the PCL/PECH system and very small positive numbers for PEA/PVPr. Explanations are given for the probe and concentration dependency of the polymer–polymer interaction parameters that are generally observed in IGC studies. A new method for selecting the best probe for calculating the interaction parameter is discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 671–680, 2003     

聚氨酯/聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯)互穿聚合物网络聚合物的阻尼性能

采用本体聚合法合成出一系列阻尼性能良好的聚氨酯/聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯)(PU/P(MMA-BMA))互穿聚合物网络(IPN)聚合物,通过动态力学分析方法表征了PU/P(MMA-BMA)IPN聚合物的阻尼性能。探讨了加入催化剂、高温后处理、交联剂用量及PU与P(MMA-BMA)的质量比对PU/P(MMA-BMA)IPN聚合物阻尼性能的影响。实验结果表明,经高温后处理后,以二月桂酸二丁基锡为催化剂、交联剂二乙烯基苯用量(占MMA和BMA的摩尔分数)为1.5%、PU与P(MMA-BMA)的质量比接近1或小于1时,PU/P(MMA-BMA)IPN聚合物具有良好的阻尼性能。     

Towards General Guidelines for Aligned,Nanoscale Assemblies of Hairy‐Rod Polyfluorene

This account highlights recent progress towards understanding the complex hierarchical levels of solid‐state structure in a prototypical helical hairy‐rod polyfluorene, poly[9,9‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)fluorene‐2,7‐diyl] (or PF2/6). This branched‐side‐chain containing polyfluorene undergoes a systematic intermolecular self‐assembly and liquid‐crystalline phase behavior in combination with uniaxial and biaxial alignment. The latter processes yield full three‐dimensional orientation of the crystallites and polymer chains. Also reviewed are the impact of the molecular structure and phase behavior on surface morphology, anisotropic film formation, and, ultimately, the overall impact of these physical attributes on optical constants. This particular polyfluorene also represents a model system for demonstrating the applicability of mean‐field theory in detailing the self‐organization of aligned hairy‐rod block‐copolymer systems. These results of PF2/6 are compared to those of other archetypical π‐conjugated hairy‐rod polymers. General guidelines of how molecular weight influences nanostructure, phase behavior, alignment, and surface morphology are given.     

大庆油田三类油层聚合物驱注入速度研究

注入速度是影响聚合物驱开发效果的重要指标,而由于假设条件的局限性,数值模拟方法无法体现聚合物溶液弹性对注入速度的影响。为了确定大庆油田三类油层合理注入速度,通过不同注入速度条件下的天然岩心驱油试验,对水驱和聚合物驱驱油效率进行了研究,结果表明,聚合物驱驱油效率提高值随驱替速度的变化可由二次多项式来表示。依据此关系式,由势的叠加理论得到的流体在油层中的渗流速度的基础上,建立了该类油层合理注入速度模型,并给出大庆油田三类油层在100 m注采井距下的合理注入速度为0.288 PV年/,该方法对现场开发方案编制有重要指导意义。     

高吸水性树脂吸水率测定条件的研究

通过自然过滤法在不同条件下测定了淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的吸水率，实验给出了该方法测定吸水率的最佳条件，即：滤袋网孔尺寸为0.180～0．280mm，树脂质量约0．3g，加水量约500mL，吸水时间≥2h，沥水时间≥50min。     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)及其聚合物研究新进展

二甲基二烯丙基氯化胺 ( DMDAAC)是一种水溶性阳离子单体 ,其均聚物和共聚物 ,高效价廉 ,可广泛应用于油田、造纸、水处理、医药等领域 ,引起了化学工作者的普遍关注。综述了近五年来DMDAAC单体的合成、聚合方法以及均聚物和共聚物研究应用新进展 ,并对今后的研究重点提出一些建议     

Improvement of emission efficiency in polymer light-emitting devices based on phosphorescent polymers

We report improvement of emission efficiency in polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs) employing phosphorescent polymers. A hole-blocking layer was inserted between the emissive layer and the cathode to enhance recombination efficiency for the injected holes and electrons. Aluminum(III)bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)4-phenylphenolato (BAlq) was used for the hole-blocking layer. The resultant PLEDs exhibited significant improvement of emission efficiency. The respective external quantum efficiencies for red, green and blue PLEDs were 6.6, 11 and 6.9%. These values are very high compared with those based on conventional fluorescent polymers.