马来酸酐接枝ABS及其应用

采用熔融法研究了马来酸酐（ＭＡＨ）接枝ＡＢＳ。结果表明：马来酸酐接枝率随ＭＡＨ添加量或引发剂过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）的添加量垢增加而提高,但是添加量过多时,接枝率增加速率变慢;ＡＢＳ接枝马来酸酐后,冲击性能明显下降,但拉伸性能变化不大;马来酸酐接枝改性ＡＢＳ,增容ＡＢＳ／ＰＣ合金共湿物,可提高合金的缺口抗冲击强度大１．５～２．５倍。     

Adsorption behaviour of functional grafting particles based on polyethyleneimine for chromate anions

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was first grafted on the surfaces of micro-sized silica gel particles in the manner of the coupling graft, forming the grafting particles PEI/SiO₂. Afterward, for the grafted PEI, two polymer reactions, tertiary amination reaction and quaterisation, were allowed to be carried out in turn, and a kind of functional composite particles, QPEI/SiO₂, was obtained. QPEI/SiO₂ particles were used as solid adsorbent in the removal of chromate anions from aqueous solution. The static adsorption experiments (batch method) were performed, the effects of various factors on the adsorption capacity of QPEI/SiO₂ were examined, and the dynamic desorption experiments were also carried out. The experimental results show that QPEI/SiO₂ particles have strong adsorption ability for CrO₄²⁻ ions by right of electrostatic interaction, and the saturated adsorption amount actually reach up to 0.14 g/g. The isothermal adsorption behaviour is fitted to Langmuir model. The adsorption ability of QPEI/SiO₂ particles for CrO₄²⁻ ions is affected greatly by the quaterisation degree of the grafted PEI macromolecules. The QPEI/SiO₂ particles with higher quaterisation degrees have greater adsorption capacities. The adsorption ability of QPEI/SiO₂ particles for CrO₄²⁻ ions is nearly independent of pH values of the medium. QPEI/SiO₂ particles have excellent eluting and regenerating property as a mixed solution of NaOH and NaCl is used as eluent.     

接枝共聚法制备高吸水性树脂

采用反相悬浮聚合法,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,以淀粉为主要原料,与丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸接枝共聚制备了高吸收性树脂。讨论了搅拌速率、分散剂的种类、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、丙烯酸的中和度、环己烷与水的比例对接枝共聚物吸水性能的影响。制备得到的树脂吸水能力可达600g／g,吸0．9％的生理盐水达70g／g。     

活化胶粉/POE-g-MAH/POE热塑性弹性体的制备和性能

采用熔融法制备了马来酸酐接枝乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）, 利用红外光谱对POE-g-MAH进行了表征。考察了MAH和过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）的用量对接枝率的影响。并对胶粉进行了活化处理,探讨了活化效果的影响因素,研究了活化胶粉/POE-g-MAH/POE共混物的物理性能,讨论了共混物的断裂机理。实验结果表明,随着MAH和DCP用量的增加, POE-g-MAH的接枝率逐渐增大后趋于平缓并减小;在胶粉活化过程中,硬脂酸的加入有利于胶粉的细化;不含POE的共混物（活化胶粉/POE-g-MAH）的综合性能最佳。对活化胶粉/POE-g-MAH的流变性能和再加工性能的分析表明,该混合料具有良好的切敏性和再加工性。     

改性核壳增韧母料的制备及应用

以马来酸酐接枝物为改性剂制得增韧母料,考察了这种母料对均聚聚丙烯的增韧效果以及增韧体系的微观结构,探讨了这种增韧体系的增韧机理。结果表明：这种增韧母料具有典型的核壳结构,与传统增韧母料相比,能够以更小的尺寸均匀分散在聚丙烯树脂中,既能获得较高的韧性,又保持了良好的刚性,使增韧母料的用量显著减少。     

帘线钢夹杂物熔化温度与变形状态的研究

使用热力学软件FactSage计算固定CaO、MgO含量的MnO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系相图低熔点区(≤1 500℃),及固定MnO、MgO含量的CaO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系相图低熔点区;同时按照扫描电镜能谱分析得到的帘线钢盘条中夹杂物成分,用分析纯试剂配制夹杂物,测定其熔化温度,将其标在相图中相应位置,并与FactSage计算的熔点结果对比.结果表明,夹杂物熔化温度测定结果与FactSage计算结果基本相符,在此基础上,讨论了夹杂物熔点与变形状态的关系.     

冲天炉熔制高铬磨球的探讨

介绍了适应冲天炉熔炼高铬磨球的生产工艺、化学成分。在几年生产实践中取得了较好的效果。具有明显的经济效益。     

SEBS-g-MAH弹性体复合材料的制备与表征

将SEBS-g-MAH、PP-g-MAH、SBS、偶联剂、碳酸钙及其他助剂共混,用双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,然后经注塑制成弹性体复合材料。SEBS-g-MAH的FTIR表明,MAH已被接枝到SEBS上;弹性体复合材料的FTIR表明,该复合材料具有其主要组分的特征吸收峰;DSC分析表明,弹性体复合材料在142.8℃出现了一个熔融峰,说明弹性体复合材料中各组分很好地融为一体,没有出现相分离现象;SEM表明,弹性体复合材料形成"海-岛"结构,赋予弹性体复合材料很好的韧性。     

Catalytic behavior of ruthenium in soybean oil hydrogenation

Soybean oil was hydrogenated with a carbon‐supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/C) at 165 °C, 2 bar H₂ and 500 rpm stirring speed. Reaction rates, trans isomer formation, selectivity ratios and melting behaviors of the samples were monitored. No catalytic activity was found for the application of 10 ppm of the catalyst, and significant catalytic activity appeared at >50 ppm of active catalyst. The catalyst concentration had an effect on the reaction rate of hydrogenation, but the weight‐normalized reaction rate constant (k_c) was almost independent of the catalyst concentration at lower iodine values. Ru/C generated considerable amounts of trans fatty acids (TFA), including high amounts of trans 18:2, and also stearic acid, due to its very non‐selective nature. The selectivity ratios were found to be low and varied between 1.12 and 4.32 during the reactions. On the other hand, because of the low selectivity, higher slip melting points and solid fat contents at high temperatures were obtained than those for nickel and palladium catalysts. Another different characteristic of this catalyst was the formation (max 1.67%) of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during hydrogenation. Besides, CLA formation in the early stages of the reactions did not change very much with the lower iodine values.     

Synthesis of a graft polymer PVAc-g-[P(AN-r-BVE)-b-PCHO] in “one-step” by radical/cationic transformation polymerization and coupling reaction

This article reports a new “one-step” synthesis of graft polymers based on the radical/cationic transformation polymerization. Using the synthetic method proposed, a graft polymer (PVAc-g-[P(AN-r-BVE)-b-PCHO]) consisting of a partly hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc-OH) backbone and block polymer grafts of acrylonitrile/n-butyl vinyl ether random copolymer (P(AN-r-BVE)) and poly(cyclohexene oxide) (PCHO) was synthesized in situ by radical/cationic transformation polymerization of a mixture of AN/BVE/CHO in the presence of PVAc-OH. The graft polymer, PVAc-g-[P(AN-r-BVE)-b-PCHO], was fully characterized by ¹H NMR, IR, gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. The graft polymer, PVAc-g-[P(AN-r-BVE)-b-PCHO], was hydrolyzed with NaOH to form a poly(vinyl alcohol)-based amphiphilic graft polymer, PVA-g-[P(AN-r-BVE)-b-PCHO]. The aggregation behavior of the amphiphilic graft polymer was investigated briefly by atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements.