拮抗油菜菌核病的海洋细菌筛选及其活性物质的分子检测

以油菜核盘菌为病原指示菌,对1021株海洋细菌进行抗菌筛选,从中得到了144株具抗菌活性的菌株.在建立筛选新型特异性拮抗化合物资源库的同时,重点分析了筛选的302株海洋假单胞菌,对其中具有较强抗菌活性的19株假单胞菌进行了产活性物质合成基因的分子检测.结果表明,菌株1A06832和SH-46扩增获得了2,4-二乙酰基间...     

4-羟基环孢菌素A衍生物[γHyMeLeu4]CyA生产菌的接合转移

将染色体整合型糖多孢红霉菌表达载体pZMW-tsr转入大肠杆菌ET12567（pUZ8002）;以其作为供体,采用接合转移的方法将硫链丝菌素抗性基因tsr转入4-羟基环孢茼素A衍生物[γHyMeLeu4]CyA生产菌野野村菌CYA4OH。PCR结果表明,tsr基因已经整合到CYA40H基因组上。研究表明pZMW载体能够在稀有放线菌野野村菌中有效表达外源基因。     

几种杀菌剂对香蕉枯萎病菌的室内毒力测定

香蕉枯萎病是世界香蕉产区的重要病害之一，为了更有效的防治此病，我们选用11种药剂对香蕉枯萎病菌进行室内毒力测定，结果表明：18％保冶达乳油抑菌效果最好，EC50为0.13mg／L；15％三唑酮可湿性粉剂的抑菌效果最差，EC50为201．40mg/L。     

细菌和真菌分解低品位磷矿

研究了枯草芽孢杆菌、假单孢菌和曲霉对低品位磷矿粉的分解作用. 结果表明,3种菌株均显著促进了磷矿粉中磷的浸出,磷的浸出率最高可达7%,其中曲霉的解磷能力远强于枯草芽孢杆菌和假单孢菌,进一步证实了真菌的解磷能力强于细菌. 磷矿粉用量越低,磷的浸出率越高. 随培养时间增加,磷的浸出率逐渐升高,但培养到15 d后磷的浸出几乎达到饱和. 另外,碳源浓度为3%时,枯草芽孢杆菌和假单孢菌培养液中磷的浸出率最高,而碳源浓度为2%时曲霉培养液中磷的浸出率达到最高,浓度过高或过低均抑制磷的浸出.     

The alginate fermentation strain Pantoea sp. F16-PCAi-T3P21 and ethanol production

Bio-ethanol production from algae is a promising way to help solve the energy problem. Alginate is a major component of algae, but it cannot be utilized by existing ethanol fermentation microorganisms. In order to improve the utilization rate of brown algae, high alginate fermentation strains should be obtained. In this research, strains for algae fermentation were got from several experiments. The ethanol yield of strain A was the highest, which was 0.095 g/g (ethanol to alginate). The identification of strain A was carried out and it was 99% identical to Pantoea sp. F16-PCAi-T3P21. Fermentation experiments with different substrates were carried out, such as laminaran, mannitol, L. japonica and acid hydrolysate of L. japonica, and the ethanol yield rate of L. japonica acid hydrolysate was the highest, which reached 0.17 g/g ethanol to L. japonica. It showed that strain A can converse alginate to ethanol in a relatively high yield rate, and might be a promising strain with L. japonica as the substrate, we believe more research should be carried out on this strain.     

The use of Nannochloropsis sp. as a source of omega‐3 fatty acids in dry pasta: chemical,technological and sensory evaluation

Nannochloropsis is a microalga characterised by having high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a fatty acid known for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to elaborate dry pasta with a significant contribution of EPA using Nannochloropsis sp., without affecting the quality product and with good consumer acceptance. Technological quality was analysed in terms of cooking properties and texture profile. Cooked pasta was characterised through proximal composition, phenolic compound, fatty acid content and sensorial analysis. It was possible to replace up to 30% of wheat flour with microalgae without affecting the technological quality of pasta and with a significant contribution of EPA to the daily diet (0.237 g per 100 g pasta). The incorporation of 10% and 20% Nannochloropsis in pasta formulation allowed to decrease the n6:n3 ratio from 25:1 to 5:1 and 2:1, respectively. Therefore, the microalgae are an interesting ingredient to increase EPA consumption in products like pasta, while the sensory evaluation confirms the possibility towards a commercial approach.     

假丝酵母吸附241Am的研究

研究了假丝酵母吸附^241Am的行为及各种实验条件对吸附的影响。结果表明：假丝酵母吸附”Am的最适酸度为pH=2，吸附反应在4h左右达到平衡，反应温度在15-45℃之间对吸附影响不大。溶液中1500倍的Au^3 和4500倍的Ag^ 存在对假丝酵母吸附^241Am无明显影响。在^241Am起始体积活度C0为5．6—111MBq/L(质量浓度44．3—877．2μg/L)的溶液中，加入干假丝酵母0．82g/L，对^241Am的吸附率可达97．8％，吸附量w可达63．5MBq／g(501．8μg/g)，表明假丝酵母处理^241Am放射性废液是可行的，其生物吸附过程可由Langmuir吸附等温式来描述。     

Direct electricity production from Microalgae Choricystis sp. and investigation of the boron to enhance the electrogenic activity

In this work, a new bio-electrochemical fuel cell was constructed and the effect of boron was investigated to obtain improved electrogenic activity of a green algae (Choricystis sp.). In a specially designed bio-electrochemical fuel cell, electrode combinations of indium tin oxide (ITO) and a carbon layer are used. Open circuit potential (OCP) measurements of algal cells placed bio-electrochemical fuel cells were performed with a cyclic on-off illumination of a LED light source. The results revealed that 60 μM is the efficient boron concentration for the algal growth and pigmentation. Higher doses of boron limited the algal growth. However, the algal growth reduced slightly at higher doses, pointing out a possible boron export mechanism in green algae. OCP analysis showed that hydrogen was electro-catalytically reduced at the cathode site and an 18 mV voltage was obtained from boron-deficient (0 μM) Choricystis sp. samples. A significant enhancement in voltage output up to 33 mV was achieved from 60 μM of boron-treated algal samples. The maximum power density was calculated from the boron-treated Choricystis sp. at pseudo-steady state as 42.2 mW m⁻² at a current density of 154 mA m⁻².     

Observations on the oral organelle,cytopharynx, and subpellicular structure of a Dileptus sp.

We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the oral organelle, cytopharynx, and subpellicular structure of a Dileptus sp. The main results were as follows: (a) the cytostome was located on the ventral surface of the base of the beak, surrounded by a periportal matrix that integrated 135 microtube bundles. When these microtube bundles contract, radially arranged into a disk, the cytostome was closed. When these microtube bundles were stretch, they fell into the cytostome and opens. The diameter of the cytostome was about 16 μm regardless of its closure or opening, indicating that the contraction or elongation of these microtube bundles did not change the size of the cytostome, which was only related to whether it blocked the cytostome, thus determining the opening and closing of the cytostome. There were many microtube bundles on two sides of the feeding trough, which could widen or narrow the feeding trough and facilitate beak feeding. (b) The cytopharynx was basket‐like without a bottom with a diameter of about 6 μm and was woven from two kind fibers about 0.08 and 0.19 μm. (c) There were two types of extrusomes under the pellicle. Using transmission electron microscopy,the Type I extrusomes showed narrow and long egg shape, its cross section was circular which is composed by various electronic density of concentric. Using the scanning electron microscope, they were two slightly thin clavate, the length was about 5 μm, the diameter of the middle section was about 0.75 μm, and the diameter of the two ends was about 0.32 μm, they were distributed abundantly between the microtubule fasciculi which were located on both sides of the gap on the feeding groove. Using transmission electron microscopy, the Type II extrusomes showed egg shape. Using the scanning electron microscopy, they were about 1.6 × 0.8 μm in size, they were distributed abundantly under the body pellicle while rarely the proboscis. In addition, many different of developmental stages two types of extrusomes could be also seen in the cytoplasm. (d) There were very well‐developed fibrous systems under the pellicle that were woven from fibers about 0.14 μm in diameter that attached to the pellicle and bound some organelles in the cytoplasm (e.g., mitochondria, extrusomes) and other structures to the cytoplasm and maintained cell morphology. The results of this study not only supplement and enrich the morphological contents of the Dileptus sp., but also provide the basis for the study of the taxonomy of the Dileptus sp. It also provides a new method for researchers to explore the morphology and structure of ciliate cells under the cortex by SEM.