一株海洋耐冷菌的分类鉴定及其生长特性和抗菌活性研究

从连云港海域潮间带采集的样品中筛选出一株产广谱高活性抗菌物质的海洋耐冷菌G1,该菌的生长温度范围为10~40℃,最适生长温度为20℃;生长的pH范围为3.0~12.0,最适生长pH为9.0;生长的NaCl质量分数为1%~9%,最适生长NaCl质量分数为4%,无NaCl不生长。根据其形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列分析结果,确定其为交替假单胞菌。菌株G1抗菌活性研究表明,其发酵产物对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌以及大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌等革兰氏阴性菌都有显著的拮抗作用。结果揭示该菌在生防、食品及医药方面有潜在的应用价值。     

产DHA酒香酵母的培养条件优化研究

对海洋中筛选的酒香酵母(Brettanomyces sp.)7-3产DHA条件进行了优化,结果表明培养基最佳组成为葡萄糖10 g/L, 蔗糖10 g/L,酵母膏20 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 10 g/L,NaHCO3 1 g/L,K2HPO4 6 g/L,ZnSO4 0.1 g/L,MgSO4 0.1 g/L,CaCl2 0.5 g/L,Na2EDTA 0.2 g/L,FeC6H5O7·3H2O 0.01 g/L.摇瓶培养最佳条件为培养初始pH=6.0,培养温度25 ℃,装液量为100 mL(在500 mL摇瓶中),培养时间为84 h,优化后油脂与DHA产量分别提高了3.3和3.8倍.     

黄绿木霉纤维素酶提纯及其性质研究

通过(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100分子筛层析和DEAE Sephadex A-50离子交换层析等步骤,分离纯化出木霉T2纤维素酶系中达到电泳纯的3种内切葡聚糖酶(EGⅠ、EGⅡ、EGⅢ)和2种β-葡萄糖苷酶(BGⅠ、BGⅡ).通过SDS-PAGE和IEF电泳测得5个酶组分的相对分子质量分别为62.3 ku、71.9 ku、52.6 ku、85.3 ku和78.3 ku,等电点分别为5.4、4.8、5.0、5.6和5.8.此酶系均为糖蛋白,含糖量分别为17.7%、11.7%、15.6%、17.8%、19.3%.5个酶组分均属酸性纤维素酶,最适pH都是5.0;3种内切葡聚糖酶的最适温度皆为60℃,2种β-葡萄糖苷酶的最适温度都是55℃.Mn2 、Fe2 、Zn2 对5种纤维素酶都有一定的激活作用,尤其是Mn2 对内切葡聚糖酶的激活作用极为显著;Mg2 、Cu2 、脲对5种纤维素酶都具有不同程度的抑制作用.酶学动力学分析表明5种纤维素酶组分的Km值分别为0.093、0.083 8、0.079 0、0.085 1和0.077 8 mg/mL,Kcat值为101.7、119.6、11.4、111.4和162.1 s-1.内切葡聚糖酶对底物CMC-Na亲和力的大小与酶的催化效率之间并无相关性,BG对底物水杨苷亲和力的大小与酶的催化效率之间有一定的相关性.β-葡萄糖苷酶有较高的底物专一性,只对水杨苷有活力;内切葡聚糖酶在对羧甲基纤维素钠有活力的同时,对滤纸和秸秆粉也有微弱的活力.     

3株生防芽孢杆菌的筛选及对棉花枯萎病的防治研究

从植物根际土壤中筛选到3株对大豆根腐病、棉花枯萎病、小麦赤霉病等多种作物真菌病害有较强拮抗性的芽孢杆菌菌株Bacillus sp．920,Bacillus sp．930和Bacillus sp．932。用琼脂块法分别测定了它们对11种植物病原真菌的抗菌谱、发酵液的抑菌活性大小及其热稳定性,并对发酵液中的抑菌活性物质进行了初步提取。结果表明,920和932菌株为广谱性抗真菌菌株;930菌株仅表现出对稻瘟病菌具有较强的桔抗性。Bacillus sp．920发酵液中的抑菌活性物质可被酸沉淀,并具有较好的热稳定性。棉花盆栽试验结果表明,接种芽孢杆菌920菌剂可使棉花枯萎病引起的棉苗死亡率由15％降至3．7％,发芽率比对照提高了10％。     

关于Hill方程的一点思考

对近圆相对运动中Ｈｉｌｌ方程的精度进行了理论分析，指出Ｈｌｉｉ方程的发散性是由于没有计及非线性影响造成的。给出了Ｈｉｌｌ方程的改进形式，仿真表明，改进形式比经典Ｈｉｌｌ方程更符合实际情况。     

Optimization of the influential factors for the improvement of CO2 utilization efficiency and CO2 mass transfer rate

Microalgae fix CO₂ as energy source and afford biomass and high valued products such as carotenoids, pigments, proteins, and vitamins that can be used for the production of nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, animal feed additives, cosmetics, etc. Carbon dioxide is the sole source of carbon and it is supplied continuously for the microalgal cultivation. But undissolved CO₂ is lost by outgassing and sufficient dissolved CO₂ should be provided to avoid carbon limitation. The effect of CO₂ mass transfer with different CO₂ concentrations, aeration rate of gas, bubble size, baffle type and baffle number on the growth of Chlorella sp. AG10002 was investigated and the optimized conditions for the enhancement of biomass productivity were determined. We confirm that these results can be provided as basic data to improve the CO₂ mass transfer ability for the high density culture of Chlorella sp. and some microalgae having commercial value.     

High sp~3 content hydrogen-free amorphous diamond: an excellent electron field emission material

Details are given of a study of the characteristics of field-induced electron emission from hydrogen-free high sp~3 content (>90 % ) amorphous diamond (a-D) film deposited on heavily doped (p<0.01 Ω·cm) n-type monoerystalline Si (111 ) substrate. It is demonstrated that a-D film has excellent electron field emission properties. The emission current can reach 0.9 μA at applied field as low as 1 V/μm, and the emission current density can be ahout several mA/cm~2 under 20 V/μm. The emission current is stable when the beginning current is at 50 μA within 72 h. Uniform fluorescence display of electron emission from the whole face of the a-D film under the electric field of 10-12 V/μm is also observed. The contribution of excellent electron emission property results from the smooth, uniform, amorphous surface and high sp~3 content of the a-D film.     

Semibatch and continuous fructooligosaccharides production by Aspergillus sp. N74 in a mechanically agitated airlift reactor

BACKGROUND: Fructooligosaccharides are important sweeteners produced by sucrose biotransformation. Although fructooligosccharides production has been reported widely, most studies have been carried out at laboratory level. This study evaluates semibatch and continuous fructooligosaccharides production by Aspergillus sp. N74 at bench scale in a mechanically agitated airlift. RESULTS: Sucrose biotransformation to fructooligosaccharides was carried out with biomass harvested after 24 or 48 h of culture. For 6.21 ± 0.33 or 9.66 ± 0.62 g biomass dry weight L⁻¹, the highest FOS yields were obtained at batch operating 62.1 and 66.4% after 26 or 6 h of reaction, respectively. Reduction in fructooligosaccharides yield was observed for both biomass concentrations at semibatch operating, while a comparable yield was obtained during continuous operating (62.1% for 6.21 ± 0.33 g L⁻¹ and a dilution rate 0.016 s⁻¹, and 62.8% for 9.66 ± 0.62 g L⁻¹ and a dilution rate 0.032 s⁻¹). Nevertheless, 1‐kestose formation was favored with biomass harvested after 24 h under any operating mode. CONCLUSION: Biomass concentration, reaction time and operating mode have a notable effect on fructooligosaccharides yield and composition. 1‐kestose, the most valuable fructooligosaccharide, was obtained in greatest proportion at a biomass concentration 6.21 ± 0.33 g L⁻¹. Under the different operating modes, Aspergillus sp. N74 mycelia and the reactor described are presented as a feasible alternative for scaling up fructooligosaccharides production. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶的分批发酵生产

在首先采用我们自行设计的2L小型、便易的生化反应器,对我们研究室保藏的高产酶菌株链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)WZFF.L-M168发酵生产微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶(MTG)过程中发酵培养基的碳源、氮源和初始pH值的影响作用进行研究,确定培养条件后,逐级扩大发酵罐规模,在20L和200L发酵罐上以在线监控技术手段直接监测分析环境因素对MTG发酵生产的作用效果,确立各级发酵罐分批发酵的生产工艺条件。结果表明:碳氮源采用葡萄糖、淀粉和多价胨,初始pH值为7.0,接种量5%～10%,发酵过程中在线控制培养温度、pH、通气量和搅拌速度等各项参数指标分别为30±0.5℃、6.6～6.9,0.8～1.1vvm和200～400r/min较为适宜。在这优化技术条件下,200L发酵罐可以稳定生产酶活在2.75U/ml以上的MTG。