改性水泥专用丁苯胶乳的稳定性研究

以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为乳化剂,用过硫酸钾引发体系,制备了改性水泥专用丁苯胶乳,考察了乳化剂浓度、进料方式和搅拌形式对胶乳稳定性的影响.     

胶乳汽提脱除单体的机理及数学模型

本文研究了丁苯吡胶乳的脱气机理,实验证明了这个包括有多个传质阶段的复杂传质过程是由单体从胶粒内扩散到表面并穿过界面进入液相的传质阶段所控制。从这一机理出发,选择了脱气过程的工艺条件。通过简化脱气过程的物理模型,从理论上推导出脱气过程的数学模型,并用实验证实了这一模型。通过对多种胶乳及各种脱气设备的应用,证明该模型具有普遍性。本文提出用定义的脱气速度常数来研究和设计脱气过程的方法。     

Semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization of butyl methacrylate with polymerizable anionic surfactants

Two polymerizable anionic surfactants sodium 4-(ω-acryloyloxyalkyl)oxy benzene sulfonate (SABS-n, n=8 or 10) have been successfully used in the semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization with butyl methacrylate (BMA). After generating seeding particles in an emulsion consisting SABS-8 or SABS-10 and small amount of BMA using a redox initiator ammonium persulfate (APS)/tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) at room temperature, most of BMA was added drop-wise to the polymerizing emulsion system during a period of 4-8 h. These emulsion copolymerizations produced nanosized latexes with high polymer/surfactant weight ratios up to about 12/1 and nearly monodisperse particles ranging from 18 to 33 nm in diameter. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that SABS-n was significantly enriched on the surface of latex particles. The effects of concentrations of SABS-n, BMA, and APS/TMEDA and the latex characteristics during the continuous addition of monomer were studied. A possible polymerization mechanism was proposed.     

专用丁苯胶乳对混凝土的改性

用自制的专用丁苯胶乳对混凝土进行改性,考察了聚合物与混凝土质量比(简称聚灰比)、水与混凝土质量比(简称水灰比)、消泡剂用量、养护条件和胶乳稳定性对改性混凝土性能的影响。结果表明,当聚灰比为12%、水灰比为35%、消泡剂质量分数为丁苯胶乳的3%时,且在混凝土浇铸后干养28d的条件下,改性混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度、黏结强度及抗渗性比未改性混凝土分别提高了6%,9%,85%,50%。稳定性越好的胶乳对改性混凝土的性能提高幅度越大。     

Thermal analysis of montmorillonites modified with quaternary phosphonium and ammonium surfactants

The thermal stability of seven organically modified montmorillonites (‘organoclays’) has been investigated using differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry in conjunction with X-ray diffractometry. Six organoclays were synthesised by replacing the interlayer inorganic cations, initially present, with quaternary phosphonium and ammonium surfactant cations. The samples modified with tetrabutylphosphonium (TBP), and butyltriphenylphosphonium (BTPP) ions have an appreciably higher thermal stability than the octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA)-modified clays. Thus, in the case of TBP- and BTPP-modified montmorillonites, the onset temperature of decomposition is close to 300 °C. Samples modified with hexadecyltributylphosphonium (HDTBP) ions have a lower onset temperature of decomposition of 225 °C. In comparison, the onset temperature for ODTMA-montmorillonites (obtained at different concentrations of ODTMA-bromide) ranges from 158 to 222 °C, being highest where the concentration of intercalated surfactant is lowest. The onset temperature for a commercial alkylsilane-treated quaternary ammonium-modified organoclay (S-BEN N-400FP) is 207 °C. The basal spacing of the TBP- and BTPP-modified clays is 1.7–1.8 nm, indicating a monolayer arrangement of quaternary phosphonium ions in the interlayer space, while the value of 2.5 nm for HDTBP-montmorillonite indicates a more open structure. The ODTMA-modified samples have basal spacings ranging from 1.9 to 2.1 nm, indicative of a bilayer to pseudo-trilayer arrangement. The exceptionally high basal spacing of 3.4 nm for the S-BEN N-400FP organoclay might be due to interlayer penetration of organosilane hydrolysis products during synthesis. The thermal properties of organoclays are apparently related to the nature of the surfactants and their arrangement in the interlayer space of montmorillonite.     

Investigation into the flotation response of refractory molybdenum ore to depressant mixtures:A case study

In this paper, bulk flotation followed by separation was investigated to concentrate purified molybdenite product from Jinduicheng molybdenum ores(Shanxi province, China). The bench scale tests mainly focussed on separation of molybdenite from other sulfide minerals using the new type of depressants.The effect of each single depressant, including organic depressant-modified dextrin(MD), P-Nokes reagent(PN) and sodium trithiocarbonate(ST), and their mixtures on galena, chalcopyrite and other sulfide ores, was examined in turn by changing the concentrations used in cleaner flotation tests. Closed circuit experiments were carried out under the optimal condition and satisfying recovery and grade of molybdenite concentrate could be achieved(86.294% and 53.157%, respectively). A potential reagent regime was developed, with more environmental friendly and more economical advantages due to the introduction of modified dextrin.     

天然胶乳床垫和枕芯的发展

综述介绍天然胶乳床垫和枕芯的生产工艺、产品特性以及存在的问题。天然胶乳床垫和枕芯的生产工艺主要有邓禄普法和塔勒莱法胶乳发泡工艺,塔勒莱法工艺先进,但受设备结构复杂和投资大的限制,只有少数公司采用;邓禄普法性价比高,工艺趋于完善,被大多数厂家采用。天然胶乳床垫和枕芯具有优异的弹性、支撑性、透气性和抑菌抗螨功能,与睡眠者有良好的贴合性,可提高睡眠质量。巨大的市场需求导致天然胶乳床垫和枕芯产品存在部分假冒伪劣和粗制滥造产品,需要监管部门尽快制订产品标准并加强管理,引导和规范天然胶乳床垫和枕芯生产行业健康发展。     

运用均衡凝固技术解决压缩机缸体缩孔缩松

利用均衡凝固技术，将大型活塞式压缩机气缸体的原底注工艺改为项注雨淋工艺，并采用冷铁等措施，使项注雨淋方式的下低上高的温度场分布趋势得到明显的加强，改变了先中间后两头的凝固顺序，缸体从总体上形成了从下往上的有利于补缩的凝固顺序，从而有效解决了压缩机缸体缩孔缩松缺陷。数值模拟结果和实际生产结果验证了工艺改进的正确性，而且废品率由原来的10％降低为5％，工艺出品率由原来的75％提高到85％～90％，效果显著。     

铸造用高强度改性酚醛树脂的研究

叙述了改性酚醛树脂的性能、覆膜砂制备配方及其性能测定.改性后的酚醛树脂韧性增强,覆膜砂抗拉强度和抗弯强度明显提高,型砂的溃散性得到了改善.