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191.
Tz. Boiadjieva D. Kovacheva K. Petrov S. Hardcastle A. Sklyarov M. Monev 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2004,34(3):315-321
The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG 1500) as additive and of deposition conditions on Zn—Cr alloy electrodeposition from an acidic sulfate electrolyte at room temperature, without agitation was investigated. PEG polarizes the overall cathodic reaction and inhibits Zn deposition. Cr codeposition with Zn starts at a cathodic potential of about –1,95 V vs Hg/Hg2SO4, which is reached at current density of about 20 A dm–2 in galvanostatic conditions. Zn—Cr alloy coatings containing up to 28 at % Cr were obtained depending on the plating conditions. SEM observations showed an island-like structure, formed by the local growth of crystals, which covered the surface during further deposition. In the first stages of electrodeposition the powder diffraction spectra contain lines of b.c.c. -(Zn,Cr) phase (a
3.02 Å). After 30 s deposition time weak lines of Zn-based phase (a
2.67 Å, c
4.90 Å) appear, and become clearly visible in coatings deposited for 90 s. The average Cr content in the alloy coatings decreases with advancing deposition. The as-plated surface contains C in organic compounds and Zn(OH)2. After 50 min sputtering, Zn and a mixture of Cr, Cr2O3 and Cr7C3 were found. The presence of organic C and O, probably from inclusions of PEG, were also detected. 相似文献
192.
T. Hoshikawa 《Electrochimica acta》2006,51(25):5286-5294
Effects of the electrolyte of DSCs on impedance spectra were evaluated by changing concentration of redox couple, viscosity, and additives to electrolyte. The relation with current-voltage characteristics (I-V characteristics) was investigated. In many cases, the impedance component attributed to charge transfer at TiO2|electrolyte interface demonstrated strong relation with the I-V characteristics. The recombination of electrons in TiO2 with I3− in electrolyte was a key factor in determining performance of DSCs. To evaluate the effect of I3−, diffusion-limiting current in the electrolyte for various viscosities was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. When the short circuit current (SCC) was almost equal to the diffusion-limiting current, strong influence of the diffusion coefficient on the impedance spectra was observed: impedance arcs were enlarged as the diffusion coefficient was decreased. On the other hand, when the diffusion-limiting current was larger than the SCC, photo-excitation and electron injection processes became dominating factors in the DSCs performance. The SCC was regulated by the charge recombination process at TiO2|electrolyte interface, and thus the impedance component ω3 was related to the performance in such condition. 相似文献
193.
The electrochemical behavior of the bronze (Cu-8Sn in wt%) was investigated in 3% NaCl aqueous solution, in presence and in absence of a corrosion inhibitor, the 3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (PTS). The inhibiting effect of the PTS was evidenced for concentrations higher than 1 mM for the cathodic process whereas its effect was clearly seen with a concentration as low as 0.1 mM for the anodic process. A significant positive shift of the corrosion potential was also observed, and its inhibiting effect increased with both its concentration and the immersion time of the sample. From voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments, the inhibiting efficiency of the PTS was found to be in the 94-99% range for 1 mM concentration. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersion analysis of the specimen surface show the presence of sulphur on the surface. Raman micro-spectrometry study confirms the protective effect of the PTS in aqueous solution through three types of interactions with the electrode, namely the adsorption of the inhibitor in a flat configuration, the formation of copper-thiol molecules, and when copper is released, the formation of a polymeric complex. 相似文献
194.
A. Grüneis M.H. Rümmeli C. Kramberger A. Barreiro T. Pichler R. Pfeiffer H. Kuzmany T. Gemming B. Büchner 《Carbon》2006,44(15):3177-3182
We have synthesized double wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) with few defects and little amorphous carbon by hot wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of alcohol. Catalysts for the DWNT growth were made from cobalt and molybdenum acetates. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, multi frequency resonance Raman spectroscopy and optical absorption spectroscopy were used for characterization of the product with regard to DWNT yield, the nanotube diameter distribution, defect concentration and amorphous carbon content. Base pressures lower than 1 × 10−5 mbar in the CVD reactor considerably suppress defects in the DWNTs. Optimized growth conditions for DWNT formation are presented. 相似文献
195.
Carbon nanotubes prepared by a classical CVD method with a nickel catalyst have been characterized, then used as conducting anisometric objects dispersed into a polymeric matrix. In a first part, these nanotubes are structurally characterized before and after heat treatments (HTT=1500, 2000, 2500 °C). Diffusion Raman experiments and diamagnetic susceptibility experiments demonstrated their limited graphitized structures.Then, in a second step, a well defined processing way to prepare nanocomposites with a standard epoxy resin is presented. In particular, the use or not of a non-ionic surfactant (Tergitol) to disperse these nanotubes is analyzed. The influence of nanotube contents is examined on the bulk nanocomposite density, the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites, and the d.c. electrical conductivity behavior. These results demonstrated that the interfacial properties are playing a fundamental role. On one hand, the glass transition temperature is increasing with the nanotube content, and on the other hand, the percolation threshold is found for a rather high critical volumic concentration. Finally, it is demonstrated that a pure geometrical model is not sufficient to explain these behaviors and that a wrapping effect of the organic matrix around the nanotubes has to be considered. 相似文献
196.
《Carbon》2004,42(1):187-190
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been grown by chemical vapor deposition in a vacuum chamber equipped with in situ photoelectron spectroscopy technique that allows for precise characterization of the chemical state of substrate and catalyst before the CNTs growth. The CNTs were grown onto Si wafers covered with thin buffer layers of Al, Al2O3, TiN, and TiO2, using Fe as catalyst. Marked differences were observed both in growth rate and nanotube characteristics, as determined by SEM, TEM and micro-Raman spectroscopy, depending on the choice of buffer layer. 相似文献
197.
有机磷化物制备羟基磷灰石工艺条件的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探索用有机磷化物制备羟基磷灰石的工艺条件:采用硝酸钙、氨水、磷酸三丁酯为原料进行正交对比研究,优化得到了制备较佳羟基磷灰石的工艺条件。优化的工艺条件为:原料中Ca/P(molar ratio)1.67;Ca(NO3)2、4H2O/NH3H2O(g/g)为0.99;烧结温度为850℃:恒温时间为5h,并对合成的样品进行了化学和红外光谱的分析。 相似文献
198.
199.
聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐接枝率的测定—聚乙烯接枝 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
以非均相化学接枝法和红外光谱法相结合的方法绘制了定量校正曲线,可用于红外光谱法测定聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐的接枝率。该方法简便快速,准确可靠,重复性好。 相似文献
200.
The pyrolysis under nitrogen of salt free and salt treated cellulose was studied by infrared spectroscopy. The results confirm the unzipping mechanism suggested by DTA and TGA studies, and show this mechanism to apply to the untreated and salt treated samples. The results also show the unzipping to stop at the stage of char formation. The onset of this stage was found to occur after the volatilization of only 45–50% of the initial sample of the borax treated cellulose, compared with 65–70% of the KCl treated cellulose and 80–85% of the untreated cellulose. 相似文献