基于最短道路的城市公交智能咨询系统的研究与实现

研究基于最短道路的城市公交智能查询系统,首先针对城市公交线路网络图建立数学模型;然后研究基于上述数学模型的数据库建立方法和相应的算法设计,和以Dijkstra算法为基础的、基于道路最短的公交线路查询算法,并通过简单模拟数据验证算法的有效性;最后简要介绍按此思想设计实现的城市公交智能查询系统.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的木材含水率在线估计

为解决木材干燥过程木材含水率检测精度低的问题,提高木材干燥的自动控制水平,针对以含水率为基准的干燥过程,提出了应用卡尔曼滤波进行木材含水率在线估计方法。为验证该方法的有效性：首先建立了基于含水率基准加入高斯噪声数据集的卡尔曼估计模型,并在此模型基础上对实验测得的数值进行了在线估计和比较,结果表明卡尔曼滤波方法具有较好的估计精度。     

Modeling sediment resuspension and transport induced by storm wind in Apalachicola Bay, USA

Sediment is an important environmental factor for aquatic ecosystem and oyster productivities of Apalachicola Bay located in Florida, USA. Based on the data analysis in this study, surface wind speed is highly correlated to the turbidity of water column, which results from sediment resuspension and transport in the Apalachicola Bay. In this paper, an application of a 3D sediment transport model to predict the wind-induced sediment transport in Apalachicola Bay is described. The sediment model is coupled with a 3D hydrodynamic module in the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model that provides information on estuarine circulation and salinity transport under normal temperature conditions. The hydrodynamic model was calibrated with field observations of water levels and salinity. The sediment transport model solves the transport equation with sources and sinks terms to describe sediment deposition and resuspension. The coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models were used to investigate wind-induced total suspended sediments (TSS) resuspension and transport in the bay. For the period June 1–July 30, 2005 two storm events with strong winds gave model results of TSS concentrations that compared well with the field observations. Model simulations reasonably reproduce the sudden increase of sediment concentrations during the storm events. Maximum sediment concentrations in the bay during the two storm events were 10 times or more than those in the pre-storm conditions. Spatial sediment transport from model simulations indicate active sediment resuspension and transport near areas of highly productive oyster beds. The model predictions of TSS and salinity can be used as inputs to an oyster dynamic model (Wang, H., Huang, W., Harwell, M., Edmiston, L., Johnson, E., Hsieh, P., Milla, K., Christensen, J., Stewart, J., Liu, X., 2008. Modeling eastern oyster population dynamics in response to changing environment in Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Journal of Ecological Modeling 211, 77–89) to support the ecological study of oyster growth and mortality in the aquatic ecosystem of Apalachicola Bay.     

Smooth Scheduling under Variable Rates or the Analog-Digital Confinement Game

This work considers non-terminating scheduling problems in which a system of multiple resources serves clients having variable needs. The system has m identical resources and n clients; in each time slot each resource may serve at most one client; in each such slot t each client γ has a rate, a real number ρ _γ (t), that specifies his needs in this slot. The rates satisfy the restriction ∑ _γ ρ _γ (t)≤m for any slot t. Except of this restriction, the rates can vary in arbitrary fashion. (This contrasts most prior works in this area in which the rates of the clients are constant.) The schedule is required to be smooth as follows: a schedule is Δ -smooth if for all time intervals I the absolute difference between the amount of service received by each client γ to his nominal needs of ∑ _t∈I ρ _γ (t) is less than Δ. Our objective are online schedulers that produce Δ-smooth schedules where Δ is a small constant which is independent of m and n. Our paper constructs such schedulers; these are the first online Δ-smooth schedulers, with a constant Δ, for clients with arbitrarily variable rates in a single or multiple resource system. Furthermore, the paper also considers a non-concurrent environment in which there is an additional restriction that each client is served at most once in each time slot; it presents the first online smooth schedulers for variable rates under this restriction. The above non-concurrent restriction is crucial in some applications (e.g., CPU scheduling). It has been pointed out that this restriction “adds a surprising amount of difficulty” to the scheduling problem. However, this observation was never formalized and, of course, was never proved. Our paper formalizes and proves some aspects of this observation. Another contribution of this paper is the introduction of a complete information, two player game called the analog-digital confinement game. In such a game pebbles are located on the real line; the two players, the analog player and the digital player, take alternating turns and each one, in his turn, moves some of the pebbles; the digital player moves the pebbles backwards by discrete distances while the analog player moves the pebbles forward by analog distances; the aim of the analog player is to cause one pebble (or more) to escape a pre-defined real interval while the aim of the digital player is to confine the pebbles into the interval. We demonstrate that this game is a convenient framework to study the general question of how to approximate an analog process by a digital one. All the above scheduling results are established via this game. In this derivation, the pebbles represent the clients, the analog player generates the needs of the clients and the digital player generates the schedule. Dedicated to the memory of Professor Shimon Even for his inspiration and encouragement     

Combined analytical solution of overland flow and sediment transport

With reference to the kinematic wave theory coupled with the hypothesis of constant linear velocity for the rating curve, rising limb analytical solutions have been calculated for overland flow, over an Hortonian-infiltrating surface, and sediment discharge. These analytical solutions are certainly easier to use than the numerical integration of the basic equations and they may be used to obtain an initial evaluation of the parameters of more complex models generally devised for complicated cases.Notation a exponent of the Horton law [T^–1] - b exponent of the rill erosion equation - B inter-rill erosion coefficient [ML^–m–2T ^m–1] - c sediment concentration [ML^–3] - c _o reference sediment concentration [ML^–3] - E _I inter-rill erosion [ML^–2T^–1] - E _R rill erosion [ML^–2T^–1] - f _c final infiltration rate of the soil [LT^–1] - f _o initial infiltration rate of the soil [LT^–1] - h flow depth [L] - h _o reference flow depth [L] - i infiltration rate [LT^–1] - k rill erosion coefficient [ML^–1–b T^–1] - K integration constant - L() Laplace transformation - m exponent of the inter-rill erosion equation - n Manning's coefficient [L^–1/3T] - p rainfall intensity [LT^–1] - q water discharge per unit width [L²T^–1] - q _s sediment discharge per unit width [ML^–1T^–1] - t time [T] - t _p ponding time [T] - x distance along the flow direction [L] Greek Letters coefficient of the stage-discharge equation [L^2–T^–1] - exponent of the stage-discharge equation - rill erosion coefficient [L^–1]     

Railcar reallocation optimization on water-rail network under uncertain busyness

Water-rail intermodal transportation can reduce cargo losses and transportation transferring costs. However, the imbalance between the capacity of the scheduled railway network and the large container freight demand greatly reduces operational efficiency. To minimize the total transportation cost and relocation cost, a railcar reallocation stochastic optimization model is formulated to deal with uncertain congestion in the railway network. To capture the uncertain busyness and queuing pattern, a hypercube spatial queue model is embedded in the optimization model by estimating the expected queue length and waiting time. To solve the proposed nonlinear nonconcave stochastic model, an approximate hypercube based iterative algorithm is proposed. A real-world case study is presented to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. The proposed model outperforms the comparable deterministic model in the objective value. Sensitivity analyses on the ratio of the unit waiting cost and the unit travel cost for empty cars, and the total number of freight cars show the robustness of the proposed method.     

Disaggregating growth in future retail electricity rates

The retail rate impacts of a number of emerging trends (e.g., rapid deployment of electric vehicles and storage, transmission build-out for large-scale renewables deployment, and grid modernization) are unknown. Importantly, decision-makers are concerned about the potential future rate impacts on energy affordability and equity. We disaggregate the key drivers of retail electricity rates and assess their impacts on future rate growth considering their interactions and uncertainty. Specifically, we develop ranges of future cost growth for a generic investor-owned and vertically-integrated electric utility representing typical cost and operating characteristics. The rate driver growth rate ranges are applied in isolation and jointly to quantify the uncertainty and variability in future retail electricity rates. The results identify what rate drivers and factors may minimize and/or decrease uncertainty in retail rate growth and their linkages to industry trends.     

The DIPPR® databases

The Design Institute for Physical Property Data® (DIPPR), one of the Sponsored Research groups of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has been in existence for 15 years and has supported a total of 14 projects, some completed, some ongoing. Four of these projects are database projects for which the primary product is a database of carefully evaluated property data. These projects are Data Compilation; Evaluated Data on Mixtures; Environmental, Safety, and Health Data Compilation; and Difusivities and Thermal Properties of Polymer Solutions. This paper lists the existing DIPPR projects; discusses DIPPR's structure and modes of dissemination of results; describes DIPPR's supporters and its unique characteristics; and finally, discusses the origin, nature, and content of the four database projects.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

煤矿机电及运输事故防治的紧迫性研究

分析了2005—2010年全国煤矿死亡事故中顶板、瓦斯、水灾、火灾、运输、机电、爆破等各类事故数占事故总数的比例及每起事故的平均死亡人数,指出运输和机电事故死亡人数分别居第3位和第5位,共占死亡总人数的13.72%;指出电气火源是引爆瓦斯的第一火源,且2010年由机电事故引发的矿井火灾占火灾事故总数的80%,得出加强煤矿机电事故防治工作是遏制瓦斯爆炸事故及矿井火灾的迫切需要的结论;最后指出,应加强机电及运输事故防治工作,以减少由煤矿机电、运输事故引发的瓦斯爆炸事故和火灾事故。     

基于MMA7261的运输包装环境监测系统

本文介绍了加速度传感器MMA7261的工作原理、结构及功能,设计了基于MMA7261三轴加速度传感器的运输包装环境监测系统,详细叙述了该系统的硬件结构、软件设计和应用前景。