稀有金属伟晶岩过度冷却与侵位之关系——基于野外地质观察及年代学的思考

稀有金属伟晶岩的结晶过程是认识其成矿作用的重要方面。前人利用冷却模型所推测出的侵入变质围岩的伟晶岩冷却时间为几天至几千年,但对侵位于花岗岩中伟晶岩的结晶过程缺乏相关研究。基于此,对新疆大喀拉苏及镜儿泉地区稀有金属伟晶岩的野外地质观察及年代学研究显示,两处伟晶岩的侵位模式不同,侵位时花岗岩围岩的温度有别。大喀拉苏1号伟晶岩(年龄为(248.4±2.1)～(228.4±0.3)Ma)主要侵位于较冷花岗岩围岩(年龄为(261.4±2.1)Ma)的席理面,边缘可能出现过度冷却。最新铌钽铁矿U-Pb年代学显示,镜儿泉1号锂辉石伟晶岩形成时代为(250.8±1.0)Ma,熔体侵位于温度较高的花岗岩(年龄为(252.9±1.9)Ma)内部断层,其冷却结晶受花岗岩温度及区域地热梯度制约,冷却时间可能超过3 Ma。综上所述,过度冷却模型的适用性、铌钽铁矿U-Pb同位素体系的封闭温度都需要进一步研究,以解释同位素年龄与冷却模型所得结晶时间的显著差异。     

Importance of Low-Temperature Melt-Mixing on the Construction of Stereocomplex Crystallites with Superior Nucleation Efficiency in Asymmetric Poly(l-lactide)/Poly(d-lactide) Blends

The nucleation efficiency (NE) of stereocomplex crystallites (SCs) formed in asymmetric poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends is generally unsatisfactory because the competition between stereocomplexation and chain mixing involved in the melt-mixing process can cause low formation efficiency and even severe aggregation of SCs. Herein, it is attempted to achieve high-efficient formation of finely dispersed SCs particles by designing a unique melt-mixing procedure, where the mixing of PLLA with 0.75 wt% PDLA is first performed at elevated temperatures (far above the melting temperature of SCs) to allow the homogeneous mixing of PLLA/PDLA chains and then at a low temperature (slightly above that of homocrystallites) to permit the full stereocomplexation of the premixed chains. It is found that the SCs formed in the blends exhibit unexpectedly low NEs (e.g., 54.5%), much inferior to that (73.6%) in the counterpart without undergoing premixing. This is because the introduction of premixing leads to a remarkable deterioration in the amount of SCs particles formed, despite decreased particle size, highlighting that the direct mixing at low temperatures of 170–180 °C (about 20–30 °C lower than that used in common melt-processing of PLA) is more effective for the construction of SCs with superior NE. The mechanisms for these striking findings are discussed.     

化学沉积Ni-Zn-P合金制备和腐蚀性能研究

采用柠檬酸钠为络合剂 ,在氨性缓冲介质中化学镀Ni Zn P合金 .考察了工艺参数 (pH、ZnSO4·7H2 O浓度和温度 )对沉积速度和镀层组成的影响 .发现Zn离子在沉积过程中起阻碍作用 ,致使镀层中Zn含量不高 (最多含16 .0mass% ) .采用差示扫描量热 (DSC)和X射线衍射 (XRD)技术研究所得化学镀Ni Zn P合金 (Ni=78.7mass % ,Zn =11.7mass % )的晶化行为和结构 .结果表明 ,镀态Ni Zn P合金主要由非晶相和少量立方镍两相构成 .热处理至 384 .8℃时出现四方Ni3 P相 ,至 5 80 .7℃时出现Ni5Zn2 1相 .镀态及热处理后的Ni Zn P合金 (Ni=78.7mass% ,Zn =11.7mass% .)在 3.5 %NaCl中 (pH =7.0 )的腐蚀失重及阳极极化测量 .结果表明 ,该合金的耐腐蚀性能优良 ,特别是镀态Ni Zn P合金 .     

非晶态Pd—Cu—Si合金的晶化动力学研究

本文应用DSC研究了非晶态Pd-Cu-Si合金的晶化过程动力学.根据Kissinger峰移法和Arrhenius方程分别计算了晶化激活能,发现等温晶化动力学在0.15相似文献   

高压下非晶薄带Zr70CU30的晶化速率

本文研究了非晶薄带ＺＲ７０Ｃｕ３０晶休速率与压力的关系。观察到极大值；结合晶化激活能的压力效应，讨论了压力对晶化的速度的影响机理。     

Mg65Cu25Y10非晶态合金的形成及其晶化行为

采用水淬法制备出厚度为2mm的片状Mg65Cu25Y10非晶态合金,衡量其非晶成形能力的参数过冷液态区域宽度△Tx（△Tx=58.3K）、约化玻璃转变温度Trg（Trg=0.56）均较高,表明此合金具有很强的非晶形成能力;并测出了它的硬度为263.2HV.通过恒速升温和等温晶化试验,采用差热分析、X射线衍射等研究了它的热行为,结果表明,此合金在433K以下还是稳定的,如进一步升高温度,材料将由非晶态结构逐步向晶态结构转变,当退火温度达到623K时,则完全转变为晶态结构.     

用生产废液回收钽制备氟钽酸钾除钨工艺研究

为了从湿法冶金生产钽、铌废液中回收Ta,先用石灰乳对生产废液进行前期处理，获得含7％～12％Ta的磷石灰渣．然后将其在HF-H2SO14-MIBK体系中萃取，得到钨杂质含量高的K2TaF7最后采用重结晶法对K2Taf7进行提纯。结果表明，用HF＋HNO3作溶剂，加热温度在90℃左右，固液比为1：14，重结晶提纯高钨K2TaF7钨杂质含量达到10μg．g^-1，符合生产高比容钽粉用K2TaF7允许钨杂质含量要求。     

Thermal analysis of polymer–water interactions and their relation to gas hydrate inhibition

Gas hydrates formed in oil production pipelines are crystalline solids where hydrocarbon gas molecules such as methane, propane, and their mixtures are trapped in a cagelike structure by hydrogen‐bonded water molecules to form undesirable plugs. Methanol and glycol are currently used to prevent these plugs via thermodynamic inhibition. Small amounts of water‐soluble polymers may provide an alternate approach for preventing gas hydrates. In this study, we expand the fundamental understanding of water–polymer systems with differential scanning calorimetry. Nonfreezable bound water was used to quantify polymer–water interactions and relate them to the chemical structure for a series of polymers, including acrylamides, cyclic lactams, and n‐vinyl amides. For good interactions, the water structure needs to be stabilized through hydrophobic interactions. An increased hydrophobicity of the pendant group also appears to favor polymer performance as a gas hydrate inhibitor. Good inhibitors, such as poly(diethyl acrylamide) and poly(N‐vinyl caprolactam), also show higher heat capacities, which indicate higher hydrophobicity, than poor performers such as polyzwitterions, in which hydrophilicity dominated. The phase behavior and thermodynamic properties of dilute polymer solutions were also evaluated through measurements of the heat of demixing and lower critical solution temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2642–2653, 2007     

Binary blends of polyethers with fatty acids: A thermal characterization of the phase transitions

A series of binary blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), and polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), characterized by similar average molecular weights, with selected fatty acids (capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) were prepared by melt mixing. Differential scanning calorimetry was applied to characterize the phase transitions of melting and crystallization, and a synergistic effect was found to occur for PEO/fatty acid blends, as evidenced by the values of the enthalpy of the phase transition. This effect was probably due to hydrogen bonding between PEO and the fatty (carboxylic) acids, which facilitated the formation of crystalline structures; an analysis of IR spectroscopy data showed a shift in the absorption bands of OH groups. The morphology development of the PEO/carboxylic acid blends, as observed with polarizing light microscopy, could be described as spherulitic growth with spontaneous selection of the lamellar thickness. The textures of the individual fibrils, consisting of stacks of several tens of lamellae corresponding to PPO and PTHF, were less regular than the texture of PEO and showed large macroscopic heterogeneity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 861–870, 2003