Explosions and impacts

This paper was prepared in response to being awarded the Hypervelocity Impact Society's Distinguished Scientist Award at HVIS 2003 held in Noordwijk, The Netherlands. It is traditional that the paper associated with the HVIS Distinguished Scientist Award is a retrospective on the recipient's career. This paper is in that tradition.     

基于PLC的粗格栅机全方位监控方案

分析了污水厂钢丝绳牵引式粗格栅机的使用情况，针对粗格栅机效率低、易出故障等缺点，提出了利用PLC对其进行改进和全方位监控的方法。基于PLC的粗格栅机全方位监控方案增加了启动报警、运行超时报警、液位报警和皮带机报警等部件，对PLC程序流程网进行了详细说明。实际应用表明，该控制系统结构简单、可靠性高、较好地实现了提高工作效率、保护粗格栅机的目的。建议可在各大中型现代化城市中推广。     

Finite–infinite element for dynamic analysis of axisymmetrically saturated composite foundations

The formulations of axisymmetrically infinite elements for dynamic analysis of vertical vibration problems in unbounded saturated composite foundations are presented. The theoretical basis as well as the implementation of the elements is discussed, and the element decay functions are derived using the analytical solutions of axially symmetric configurations. Using the proposed finite–infinite element method, the surface vertical displacements of air‐saturated soil (‘dry’ soil) and of water‐saturated soil with extremely low permeability subjected to a surface point excitation (called as the Lamb's problem) are calculated and the results agree very well with the existing theoretical solutions of single‐phase elastic media. As an application, the velocity admittances of a concrete block resting on cement mixing‐pile or gravel‐pile saturated composite foundations are calculated. The influence of soil permeability and pile rigidity on the dynamic response of the composite foundations is investigated. The method proposed by this paper is a simple and reliable numerical one that could be used to study axisymmetrically dynamic problems of layered saturated media and to get the mechanism of dynamic testing on single‐pile saturated composite foundations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

喷射沉积柱坯的生长模型

根据现有喷射沉积设备的喷射几何关系推导了柱状沉积坯生长的数学模型,并利用该模型对沉积器的临界下降速度进行了初步估算。     

粉末冶金高速压制技术的原理、特点及其研究进展

本文简述了粉末冶金高速压制技术(High Velocity Compaction,简称HVC)的基本原理、主要特点及其研究进展。HVC技术是一项低成本、高效率成形高密度(7.4~7.8 g/cm3)粉末冶金零件的新技术。粉末在0.02 s之内通过高能量冲击进行压制,通过附加间隔为0.3 s的多重冲击波将密度进一步提高。HVC技术拓展了PM成形技术的应用领域,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Pressure wave propagation in air-water bubbly and slug flow

Related to nuclear reactor safety problems, such as the loss of coolant accident caused by some small crevasses in nuclear reactor, choked flows after postulated breaks of hot and cold legs of pressurized water reactors and the boiling flow instability in parallel channels, the characteristics of pressure wave propagation were investigated experimentally for the air-water bubbly and slug two-phase flow in a vertical pipe. Pressure wave was generated from the small pressure disturbance by the up-and-down movement of piston in the test section. Air void fraction was up to 0.7 and superficial liquid velocity was up to 1.5 m/s as experimental conditions. The experimental results show that the pressure wave propagation velocity in bubbly flow decreases acutely with the increase of air void fraction from 0 to 0.05. In slug flow, it is constant when the air void fraction is less than 0.5 but increases gradually when the void fraction increases beyond 0.5. The attenuation coefficient of pressure wave increases with the increase of air void fraction in bubbly flow. The dependency of pressure wave propagation velocity on angle frequency ω in air-water flow shows the dispersion characteristic. The propagation velocity and attenuation coefficient increases gradually with the increase of angle frequency. However, the increase vanishes slowly as the angle frequency reaches 250 Hz in bubbly flow. The propagation of pressure wave in bubbly flow is independent of the superficial velocity of fluids in the range of experiment.     

超音速火焰喷涂合成(Ti,Mo)C-Ni涂层组织和性能的研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂合成技术制备了4种不同成分含量的(Ti,Mo)C-Ni金属陶瓷涂层,并对涂层的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明,对于不含Mo的3种涂层(1号、2号、3号)来说,1号涂层的显微硬度值最高,3号涂层的显微硬度值又较2号涂层高,且2号涂层的耐冲蚀磨损性能优于1号和3号涂层;对于Ni含量均为40%的2号和4号涂层来说,4号涂层由于加入了5%的Mo,显微硬度值较2号涂层大大提高,且4种涂层中,4号涂层的耐冲蚀磨损性能最好.     

气流速度对感烟火灾探测器响应灵敏度的影响

针对地下车库、空调出风口等存在高速气流的特殊场所，利用火灾探测综合模拟实验平台，根据气流是否影响烟颗粒生成过程，分别设计2种实验方案，分析比较了光电型与离子型两种感烟火灾探测器在不同气流条件下的响应灵敏度。实验结果表明，在烟颗粒生成过程不受气流影响的情况下，两种感烟探测器的响应灵敏度均随气流速度增大而下降。在气流影响烟颗粒生成过程的情况下，光电感烟探测器的灵敏度依然随着气流速度的增大而迅速下降；而离子型感烟探测器的灵敏度受气流速度影响较小，在高速气流条件下依然保持较高的灵敏度。综合分析表明，离子感烟探测器     

Crookes辐射计内最佳真空度的实验和仿真研究

应用实验和蒙特卡罗(DSMC)方法,研究了Crookes 辐射计工作的最佳真空条件.在辐射计内转子可以自由转动的条件下,测量了辐射计转子的转速与腔内真空度的关系,实验表明,转子的转速与腔内的真空度、转子叶片的边长有关.在叶片边长分别为20 mm和10 mm的情况下,最大转速分别出现在0.1 Pa和3 Pa.应用DSMC方法,仿真得到了在不同真空度条件下,作用在转子叶片两边的压力差分布,结果表明,在叶片边长分别为20 mm和10 mm的情况下,最大压力差分别出现在0.1～0.5 Pa和2～5 Pa.文中给出了腔内稀薄气体的速度矢量图.     

Patterned armor performance evaluation

Patterned armor is characterized by an array of repeating cells, such as tiled ceramic armor or reactive armor boxes. Performance characteristics of an ideal patterned armor with respect to multiple hits are discussed, and the types of single-shot ballistic data needed to quantify that performance are presented. An approach to use these data is developed to provide a quantitative measure (probability of nonperforation after a given number of impacts) of the patterned armor performance against multiple impacts. This performance measure can then be compared to a well-posed multiple-hit criterion to assess whether the patterned armor meets the criterion.